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Table 2 Changes in primary and secondary outcomes for the intervention and control groups

From: Assessing the sustained impact of a school-based obesity prevention program for adolescent boys: the ATLAS cluster randomized controlled trial

Outcomea

Baseline, Mean (SE)

n

8-month, Mean (SE)

n

Timeb

p

18-month, Mean (SE)

n

Timec

p

Adjusted difference in change, Mean (95 % CI)d

Group-by-timed

p

Primary outcomes

 BMI, kg.m−2

  Intervention

20.8 (.6)

181

21.4 (.7)

139

<.001

22.3 (.7)

121

<.001

.07 (−.34, .38)

.656

  Control

20.7 (.6)

180

21.3 (.6)

154

<.001

22.3 (.6)

143

<.001

 Waist circumference, cm

  Intervention

77.1 (1.9)

181

77.1 (1.9)

133

.898

78.8 (1.9)

118

<.001

.3 (−.7, 1.4)

.549

  Control

77.0 (1.7)

180

76.5 (1.7)

147

.238

78.4 (1.7)

143

<.001

Secondary outcomes

 BMI z-score

  Intervention

.64 (.20)

181

.66 (.20)

139

.584

.69 (.20)

121

.163

.04 (−.07, .14)

.485

  Control

.51 (.18)

180

.50 (.18)

154

.761

.53 (.18)

143

.635

 Counts/mine

  Intervention

538 (27)

133

542 (29)

68

.830

511 (31)

46

.160

10 (−42, 61)

.715

  Control

492 (24)

132

498 (25)

89

.698

455 (26)

71

.027

 Percent MVPAe

  Intervention

8.7 (.5)

133

4.4 (.5)

68

<.001

8.5 (.5)

46

.677

.1 (−.8, 1.0)

.805

  Control

7.9 (.4)

132

4.4 (.4)

89

<.001

7.7 (.4)

71

.377

 Screen-time, min/d

  Intervention

108.0 (14.6)

180

110.7 (15.0)

137

.722

128.5 (15.2)

120

.010

−32.2 (−53.6,−10.8)

.003

  Control

130.6 (13.1)

177

163.1 (13.3)

152

<.001

183.3 (13.4)

145

<.001

 SSB intake, glasses/d

  Intervention

3.9 (.4)

179

3.1 (.3)

135

<.001

4.1 (.3)

120

.414

.2 (−.4, .7)

.561

  Control

3.9 (.4)

174

3.8 (.3)

152

.492

3.9 (.3)

145

.946

 Grip strength, kg

  Intervention

22.5 (.97)

181

28.5 (.98)

133

<.001

32.7 (1.0)

120

<.001

.3 (−.7, 1.2)

.580

  Control

20.4 (.87)

180

25.9 (.88)

148

<.001

30.2 (.9)

143

<.001

 Push-ups (repetitions)

  Intervention

9.1 (1.0)

177

9.8 (1.0)

135

.058

11.5 (1.0)

113

<.001

.5 (−.6, 1.6)

.376

  Control

6.6 (.9)

179

6.5 (.9)

148

.866

8.6 (.9)

135

<.001

 RT skill competencyf

  Intervention

32.3 (.84)

166

40.6 (.87)

129

<.001

37.9 (.89)

107

<.001

5.9 (4.5, 7.3)

<.001

  Control

30.6 (.76)

169

33.4 (.77)

145

<.001

30.4 (.78)

128

.654

 Intrinsic regulationg

  Intervention

6.01 (.26)

180

5.83 (.27)

135

.144

5.55 (.27)

119

<.001

.53 (.17, .88)

.003

  Control

5.54 (.24)

177

5.28 (.24)

162

.024

4.55 (.24)

142

<.001

 Identified regulationg

  Intervention

5.94 (.24)

180

5.63 (.27)

135

<.001

5.40 (.27)

119

.016

.40 (.04, .76)

.028

  Control

5.46 (.24)

177

5.12 (.24)

162

.005

4.52 (.25)

142

<.001

 Introjected regulationg

  Intervention

4.32 (.25)

180

4.19 (.26)

135

.267

4.54 (.27)

119

.190

.56 (.16, .97)

.006

  Control

4.03 (.23)

177

3.77 (.23)

162

.047

3.67 (.24)

142

.009

 External regulationg

  Intervention

3.28 (.21)

180

3.51 (.24)

135

.137

4.22 (.24)

119

<.001

.49 (.05, .92)

.028

  Control

3.29 (.21)

177

3.28 (.21)

162

.927

3.75 (.21)

142

.003

 Amotivationg

  Intervention

1.65 (.18)

180

2.04 (.19)

135

.006

2.83 (.19)

119

<.001

.13 (−.26, .52)

.511

  Control

1.93 (.16)

177

2.04 (.17)

162

.384

2.97 (.17)

142

<.001

  1. Abbreviations: BMI body mass index; MVPA moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; RT resistance training; SSB sugar-sweetened beverages
  2. aAll models were adjusted for school clustering and participant’s household socio-economic status
  3. bWithin-group effect from baseline to 8-months
  4. cWithin-group effect from baseline to 18-months
  5. dGroup-by-time effect from baseline to 18-months
  6. e265, 157 and 117 participants wore accelerometers for at least three weekdays at baseline, post-test and follow-up, respectively
  7. fPossible values range from 0 to 56
  8. gMotivation for school sport- possible values range from 1 to 7