Outcomea | Baseline, Mean (SE) | n | 8-month, Mean (SE) | n | Timeb p | 18-month, Mean (SE) | n | Timec p | Adjusted difference in change, Mean (95Â % CI)d | Group-by-timed p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Primary outcomes | ||||||||||
 BMI, kg.m−2 | ||||||||||
  Intervention | 20.8 (.6) | 181 | 21.4 (.7) | 139 | <.001 | 22.3 (.7) | 121 | <.001 | .07 (−.34, .38) | .656 |
  Control | 20.7 (.6) | 180 | 21.3 (.6) | 154 | <.001 | 22.3 (.6) | 143 | <.001 | ||
 Waist circumference, cm | ||||||||||
  Intervention | 77.1 (1.9) | 181 | 77.1 (1.9) | 133 | .898 | 78.8 (1.9) | 118 | <.001 | .3 (−.7, 1.4) | .549 |
  Control | 77.0 (1.7) | 180 | 76.5 (1.7) | 147 | .238 | 78.4 (1.7) | 143 | <.001 | ||
Secondary outcomes | ||||||||||
 BMI z-score | ||||||||||
  Intervention | .64 (.20) | 181 | .66 (.20) | 139 | .584 | .69 (.20) | 121 | .163 | .04 (−.07, .14) | .485 |
  Control | .51 (.18) | 180 | .50 (.18) | 154 | .761 | .53 (.18) | 143 | .635 | ||
 Counts/mine | ||||||||||
  Intervention | 538 (27) | 133 | 542 (29) | 68 | .830 | 511 (31) | 46 | .160 | 10 (−42, 61) | .715 |
  Control | 492 (24) | 132 | 498 (25) | 89 | .698 | 455 (26) | 71 | .027 | ||
 Percent MVPAe | ||||||||||
  Intervention | 8.7 (.5) | 133 | 4.4 (.5) | 68 | <.001 | 8.5 (.5) | 46 | .677 | .1 (−.8, 1.0) | .805 |
  Control | 7.9 (.4) | 132 | 4.4 (.4) | 89 | <.001 | 7.7 (.4) | 71 | .377 | ||
 Screen-time, min/d | ||||||||||
  Intervention | 108.0 (14.6) | 180 | 110.7 (15.0) | 137 | .722 | 128.5 (15.2) | 120 | .010 | −32.2 (−53.6,−10.8) | .003 |
  Control | 130.6 (13.1) | 177 | 163.1 (13.3) | 152 | <.001 | 183.3 (13.4) | 145 | <.001 | ||
 SSB intake, glasses/d | ||||||||||
  Intervention | 3.9 (.4) | 179 | 3.1 (.3) | 135 | <.001 | 4.1 (.3) | 120 | .414 | .2 (−.4, .7) | .561 |
  Control | 3.9 (.4) | 174 | 3.8 (.3) | 152 | .492 | 3.9 (.3) | 145 | .946 | ||
 Grip strength, kg | ||||||||||
  Intervention | 22.5 (.97) | 181 | 28.5 (.98) | 133 | <.001 | 32.7 (1.0) | 120 | <.001 | .3 (−.7, 1.2) | .580 |
  Control | 20.4 (.87) | 180 | 25.9 (.88) | 148 | <.001 | 30.2 (.9) | 143 | <.001 | ||
 Push-ups (repetitions) | ||||||||||
  Intervention | 9.1 (1.0) | 177 | 9.8 (1.0) | 135 | .058 | 11.5 (1.0) | 113 | <.001 | .5 (−.6, 1.6) | .376 |
  Control | 6.6 (.9) | 179 | 6.5 (.9) | 148 | .866 | 8.6 (.9) | 135 | <.001 | ||
 RT skill competencyf | ||||||||||
  Intervention | 32.3 (.84) | 166 | 40.6 (.87) | 129 | <.001 | 37.9 (.89) | 107 | <.001 | 5.9 (4.5, 7.3) | <.001 |
  Control | 30.6 (.76) | 169 | 33.4 (.77) | 145 | <.001 | 30.4 (.78) | 128 | .654 | ||
 Intrinsic regulationg | ||||||||||
  Intervention | 6.01 (.26) | 180 | 5.83 (.27) | 135 | .144 | 5.55 (.27) | 119 | <.001 | .53 (.17, .88) | .003 |
  Control | 5.54 (.24) | 177 | 5.28 (.24) | 162 | .024 | 4.55 (.24) | 142 | <.001 | ||
 Identified regulationg | ||||||||||
  Intervention | 5.94 (.24) | 180 | 5.63 (.27) | 135 | <.001 | 5.40 (.27) | 119 | .016 | .40 (.04, .76) | .028 |
  Control | 5.46 (.24) | 177 | 5.12 (.24) | 162 | .005 | 4.52 (.25) | 142 | <.001 | ||
 Introjected regulationg | ||||||||||
  Intervention | 4.32 (.25) | 180 | 4.19 (.26) | 135 | .267 | 4.54 (.27) | 119 | .190 | .56 (.16, .97) | .006 |
  Control | 4.03 (.23) | 177 | 3.77 (.23) | 162 | .047 | 3.67 (.24) | 142 | .009 | ||
 External regulationg | ||||||||||
  Intervention | 3.28 (.21) | 180 | 3.51 (.24) | 135 | .137 | 4.22 (.24) | 119 | <.001 | .49 (.05, .92) | .028 |
  Control | 3.29 (.21) | 177 | 3.28 (.21) | 162 | .927 | 3.75 (.21) | 142 | .003 | ||
 Amotivationg | ||||||||||
  Intervention | 1.65 (.18) | 180 | 2.04 (.19) | 135 | .006 | 2.83 (.19) | 119 | <.001 | .13 (−.26, .52) | .511 |
  Control | 1.93 (.16) | 177 | 2.04 (.17) | 162 | .384 | 2.97 (.17) | 142 | <.001 |