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Table 1 Characteristics of study population

From: Longitudinal associations of lifestyle factors and weight status with insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in preadolescent children: the large prospective cohort study IDEFICS

 

Baseline survey T0

Follow-up survey T1

All

Boys

Girls

All

Boys

Girls

N

3348

1743

1605

3348

1743

1605

Age (years) a

6.4 (± 1.7)

6.3 (± 1.7)

6.4 (± 1.6)

8.4 (± 1.7)

8.3 (± 1.7)

8.4 (± 1.6)

Anthropometry

 Weight (kg) a

23.9 (± 6.9)

24.0 (± 6.9)

23.9 (± 6.9)

30.6 (± 9.1)

30.7 (± 9.1)

30.6 (± 9.1)

 Height (cm) a

120.0 (± 12.0)

120.1 (± 12.0)

119.9 (± 12.0)

132.3 (± 11.3)

132.4 (± 11.2)

132.3 (± 11.4)

 BMI (kg/m2) a

16.3 (± 2.4)

16.3 (± 2.3)

16.3 (± 2.4)

17.2 (± 3.0)

17.1 (± 3.0)

17.2 (± 3.0)

 Waist circumference (cm) a

54.7 (± 6.7)

55.0 (± 6.8)

54.4 (± 6.6)

59.1 (± 8.4)

59.4 (± 8.5)

58.9 (± 8.3)

Biochemical markers

 Fasting glucose (mmol/l) a

4.6 (± 0.5)

4.7 (± 0.5)

4.6 (±0.5)

4.8 (± 0.5)

4.8 (± 0.5)

4.7 (± 0.5)

 Fasting insulin (pmol/l) b

25.2 (15.6, 38.4)

23.9 (14.4, 37.1)

26.7 (17.4, 39.7)

38.0 (26.1, 55.4)

35.1 (23.6, 50.6)

42.1 (28.7, 61.6)

 HOMA-IR b

0.7 (0.4, 1.2)

0.7 (0.4, 1.1)

0.8 (0.5, 1.2)

1.1 (0.8, 1.7)

1.1 (0.7, 1.6)

1.3 (0.8, 1.8)

Other variables

 Time spent with audio-visual media (h/day) b c

1.5 (1.0, 2.2)

1.6 (1.0, 2.2)

1.4 (1.0, 2.0)

1.9 (1.2, 2.5)

1.9 (1.2, 2.8)

1.8 (1.0, 2.4)

 Number of media in the child’s bedroom a c

0.8 (± 1.2)

0.9 (± 1.3)

0.7 (± 1.2)

1.0 (± 1.4)

1.1 (± 1.4)

1.0 (± 1.4)

 Fat consumption propensity score a c d

25.5 (± 9.3)

25.4 (± 9.4)

25.5 (± 9.2)

not available

not available

not available

 Sugar consumption propensity score a c d

25.0 (± 11.3)

25.3 (± 11.5)

24.7 (± 11.2)

not available

not available

not available

 Highest parental education (ISCED-level) a c

4.0 (± 1.2)

4.0 (± 1.2)

3.9 (± 1.2)

4.0 (± 1.2)

4.0 (± 1.2)

4.0 (± 1.2)

 N with data on sleep duration

1836

961

875

1450

763

687

 Sleep duration on weekdays

10.2 (± 0.9)

10.2 (± 1.0)

10.1 (± 0.9)

9.8 (± 1.0)

9.9 (± 1.0)

9.8 (± 1.0)

 N with accelerometer data

1967

1029

938

1793

920

873

 Time spent in MVPA (average minutes/day) a e

41.2 (± 21.2)

46.0 (± 22.8)

36.0 (± 18.0)

43.4 (± 22.6)

48.5 (± 24.6)

38.0 (± 19.0)

  1. aData are presented as mean (± standard deviation), b Data are presented as median (25th, 75th percentile),
  2. cVariables with missing data, descriptive statistics based on slightly smaller numbers of children (N ≥3055)
  3. dPropensity to consume items high in fat or sugar resp., relative to frequency of all items on food frequency questionnaire
  4. e MVPA moderate to vigorous physical activity