Parent–child associations for changes in diet, screen time, and physical activity across two decades in modernizing China: China Health and Nutrition Survey 1991–2009

Table 3 Predicted mean/probability (standard error) of diet, screen time, and PA in children by household structure^a

	Has siblings	Only child	P	No grandparents	Has grandparents	P
Animal-source foods, % energy	12.0 (0.3)	13.4 (0.3)	<0.001	12.8 (0.3)	12.7 (0.3)	0.82
Away-from-home eating, % energy	21.1 (0.3)	25.0 (0.3)	<0.001	23.8 (0.3)	22.1 (0.3)	<0.001
Snacking, % energy	3.2 (0.7)	6.0 (1.2)	<0.001	5.1 (1.1)	6.0 (1.3)	0.21
Screen time, hrs/wk	13.3 (0.4)	14.1 (0.3)	0.11	14.2 (0.4)	13.5 (0.3)	0.12
Any leisure-time sports participation, %	26.4 (1.8)	32.9 (1.3)	0.005	32.5 (1.6)	29.1 (1.4)	0.13

^aSeparate random-effects negative binomial regression models for each behavior predicted adjusted mean values of animal-source foods, away-from-home eating, snacking, and screen time; random-effects logistic regression model predicted adjusted probability of leisure-time sports participation. All models controlled for child’s age (y) and sex, household income (tertiles), urbanicity (tertiles), geographic region (North/Central/South), year of study entry, and highest parental education (none or primary/middle school/high school/technical, college or higher). PA, physical activity

ISSN: 1479-5868