From: Learning cooking skills at different ages: a cross-sectional study
 | Reliability | Range | Overall Sample | F (df) | Significance | Child (n = 198) | Teen (n = 286) | Adult (n = 381) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | α |  | M (SD) |  | P | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) |
Cooking + Food Skills | ||||||||
Cooking Confidence | 0.93 | 0–98 | 47.78 (29.32) | 9.82 (2,862) | 0.000 | 53.40b (27.30) | 57.37a (31.64) | 47.76b (25.44) |
No. of CS | – | 0–14 | 8.21 (4.49) | 5.47 (2,862) | 0.004 | 9.31a (3.98) | 9.36a (4.55) | 8.39b (4.05) |
FS Confidence | 0.94 | 0–133 | 45.82 (38.64) | 16.47 (2,862) | 0.000 | 46.50b (35.97) | 61.26a (46.13) | 44.81b (32.89) |
No. of FS | – | 0–19 | 7.83(6.01) | 11.64 (2,862) | 0.000 | 7.86b (5.34) | 9.96a (6.75) | 7.91b (5.52) |
Cooking Practices | ||||||||
Time spent cooking midweek | – | 0–240 | 45.48 (34.02) | 21.50 (2,853) | 0.000 | 61.99a (45.73) | 46.38b (27.44) | 42.87b (30.188) |
Time spent cooking weekend | – | 0–280 | 53.83 (36.52) | 10.75 (2,862) | 0.000 | 67.62a (44.56) | 54.20b (31.28) | 53.61b (35.91) |
Food Safety | 0.62 | 0–5 | 2.78 (1.54) | 10.98 (2,862) | 0.000 | 3.07a (1.40) | 3.15a (1.50) | 2.64b (1.52) |
Food Waste | 0.71 | 2–6 | 3.42 (1.00) | 7.03 (2,862) | 0.001 | 3.21a (0.96) | 3.54b (0.82) | 3.46b (1.06) |
Cooking Attitudes | ||||||||
Cooking Creativity | 0.78 | 6–30 | 18.69 (4.79) | 35.28 (2,862) | 0.000 | 20.66a (4.30) | 20.21a (4.21) | 17.90b (4.52) |
Cooking Identity | 0.88 | 7–35 | 24.45 (5.39) | 18.43 (2,862) | 0.000 | 26.19a (4.73) | 26.12a (4.47) | 24.20b (4.84) |
Food Neophilia | 0.74 | 3–15 | 10.47 (2.67) | 13.51 (2,861) | 0.000 | 10.60b (2.70) | 11.40a (2.35) | 10.42b (2.42) |
Diet Quality | ||||||||
ECI | – | 4–20 | 12.22 (2.95) | 3.60 (2,862) | 0.028 | 12.91a (2.99) | 12.21b (2.71) | 12.50ab (2.89) |
DINE (Sat Fat) | – | 8–92 | 35.54 (13.04) | 0.87 (2,862) | 0.432 | 35.99 (14.01) | 34.46 (10.95) | 35.03 (13.00) |
DINE (fibre) | – | 6–91 | 34.62 (11.25) | 10.73 (2,862) | 0.000 | 35.19ab (9.68) | 33.41b (10.61) | 37.35a (11.07) |
Fried food | – | 1–5 | 2.43 (0.78) | 6.84 (2,862) | 0.001 | 2.35ab (0.80) | 2.29a (0.70) | 2.49b (0.74) |
Biscuits/Chocolate/Savoury Snacks | – | 1–5 | 3.13 (1.07) | 7.78 (2,862) | 0.000 | 3.14b (1.03) | 2.91a (1.04) | 3.24b (1.10) |
Consumption of Takeaway | – | 1–6 | 2.55 (0.92) | 4.75 (2,862) | 0.009 | 2.27a (0.87) | 2.49b (0.87) | 2.48b (0.87) |
Consumption of Takeaway style food | – | 1–6 | 2.29 (0.97) | 2.92 (2,862) | 0.051 | 2.07a (0.88) | 2.20ab (0.89) | 2.26b (0.95) |
Portions of Fruit per day | – | 0–5 | 2.48 (0.97) | 3.71 (2,838) | 0.034 | 2.69a (1.04) | 2.59ab (0.87) | 2.47b (0.94) |
Portions of Veg per day | – | 0–5 | 1.88 (1.00) | 0.60 (2,862) | 0.547 | 1.98 (1.02) | 2.01 (0.97) | 1.93 (1.00) |
Health + Wellbeing Indicators | ||||||||
BMI | – | 13.03–46.42 | 24.45 (4.20) | 1.62 (2,617) | 0.254 | 24.06 (4.66) | 24.62 (3.95) | 24.80 (3.69) |
GHI | – | 2–10 | 6.85 (1.62) | 3.92 (2,862) | 0.020 | 7.27a (1.52) | 6.90b (1.46) | 6.97ab (1.52) |