Table 4 Association between baseline dietary pattern scores and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes (odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals)^a

GDM (n = 857)

200 (23%)

Fruit and veg

Quartile 1

Reference

Quartile 2

1.13

(0.71, 1.81)

Quartile 3

1.18

(0.73, 1.89)

Quartile 4

1.03

(0.64, 1.68)

P

0.891

African/Caribbean

Quartile 1

Reference

Quartile 2

1.26

(0.79, 1.99)

Quartile 3

1.13

(0.70, 1.82)

Quartile 4

2.46

(1.41, 4.31)

P

0.010

Processed

Quartile 1

Reference

Quartile 2

1.71

(1.04, 2.82)

Quartile 3

2.03

(1.23, 3.33)

Quartile 4

2.05

(1.23, 3.41)

P

0.022

Snacks

Quartile 1

Reference

Quartile 2

0.94

(0.57, 1.54)

Quartile 3

1.10

(0.67, 1.81)

Quartile 4

1.24

(0.76, 2.01)

P

0.666

LGA^b(n = 995)

109 (11%)

Fruit and veg

Quartile 1

Reference

Quartile 2

1.39

(0.76, 2.53)

Quartile 3

1.41

(0.77, 2.59)

Quartile 4

1.70

(0.94, 3.06)

P

0.377

African/Caribbean

Quartile 1

Reference

Quartile 2

1.41

(0.79, 2.50)

Quartile 3

1.52

(0.85, 2.71)

Quartile 4

1.47

(0.73, 2.97)

P

0.512

Processed

Quartile 1

Reference

Quartile 2

0.93

(0.52, 1.67)

Quartile 3

0.77

(0.42, 1.41)

Quartile 4

0.85

(0.46, 1.55)

P

0.844

Snacks

Quartile 1

Reference

Quartile 2

1.10

(0.59, 2.07)

Quartile 3

1.38

(0.74, 2.57)

Quartile 4

1.14

(0.60, 2.15)

P

0.749

SGA^c(n = 995)

61 (6%)

Fruit and veg

Quartile 1

Reference

Quartile 2

0.38

(0.17, 0.83)

Quartile 3

0.66

(0.33, 1.32)

Quartile 4

0.48

(0.23, 1.03)

P

0.073

African/Caribbean

Quartile 1

Reference

Quartile 2

1.30

(0.62, 2.72)

Quartile 3

0.46

(0.19, 1.16)

Quartile 4

1.10

(0.46, 2.65)

P

0.128

Processed

Quartile 1

Reference

Quartile 2

1.82

(0.86, 3.86)

Quartile 3

1.49

(0.66, 3.38)

Quartile 4

1.48

(0.65, 3.40)

P

0.479

Snacks

Quartile 1

Reference

Quartile 2

0.93

(0.45, 1.90)

Quartile 3

0.68

(0.30, 1.53)

Quartile 4

0.76

(0.36, 1.63)

P

0.773

Macrosomia^d(n = 997)

133 (13%)

Fruit and veg

Quartile 1

Reference

Quartile 2

0.86

(0.49, 1.51)

Quartile 3

1.33

(0.79, 2.27)

Quartile 4

1.40

(0.83, 2.36)

P

0.236

African/Caribbean

Quartile 1

Reference

Quartile 2

1.45

(0.86, 2.45)

Quartile 3

1.71

(1.01, 2.88)

Quartile 4

0.98

(0.50, 1.94)

P

0.114

Processed

Quartile 1

Reference

Quartile 2

0.78

(0.45, 1.33)

Quartile 3

0.70

(0.40, 1.21)

Quartile 4

0.95

(0.55, 1.61)

P

0.520

Snacks

Quartile 1

Reference

Quartile 2

1.67

(0.92, 3.02)

Quartile 3

1.69

(0.93, 3.09)

Quartile 4

1.69

(0.93, 3.08)

P

0.286

Pre-eclampsia (n = 984)

36 (4%)

Fruit and veg

Quartile 1

Reference

Quartile 2

0.88

(0.36, 2.13)

Quartile 3

0.58

(0.22, 1.54)

Quartile 4

0.61

(0.23, 1.66)

P

0.641

African/Caribbean

Quartile 1

Reference

Quartile 2

0.79

(0.35, 1.80)

Quartile 3

0.42

(0.15, 1.14)

Quartile 4

0.42

(0.12, 1.45)

P

0.298

Processed

Quartile 1

Reference

Quartile 2

0.86

(0.32, 2.33)

Quartile 3

0.51

(0.16, 1.62)

Quartile 4

1.40

(0.55, 3.54)

P

0.291

Snacks

Quartile 1

Reference

Quartile 2

1.14

(0.40, 3.23)

Quartile 3

1.41

(0.51, 3.94)

Quartile 4

1.22

(0.43, 3.46)

P

0.924