Efficacy of interventions that use apps to improve diet, physical activity and sedentary behaviour: a systematic review

Table 2 Summary of intervention effects on behaviour outcomes and related health outcomes

	Behaviour outcomes			Related health outcomes
Study	Diet	Physical activity	Sedentary behaviour	Weight status	Fitness	Blood pressure	Glucose	Cholesterol	Quality of life
Children
Direito et al. 2015 [47]		0	0		0
Garde et al. 2015 [37]		+ (w)
Nollen et al. 2014 [40]	0		0	0
Smith et al. 2014 [29], Lubans et al. 2016 [30]	+ (b)	0	+ (b)	0	+ (b)
Adults
Choi et al. 2016 [44]		0
Cowdery et al. 2015 [35]		0		0		0
Elbert et al. 2016 [57]	+ (b)
Fukuoka et al. 2010 [36]		+ (w)
Gasser et al. 2006 [52]	0	0		0
Gilliland et al. 2015 [38]	+ (w)
Gilson et al. 2016 [51]	0	0
Glynn et al. 2014 [53]		+ (b)		0		0			0
Hebden et al. 2014 [48]	0	+ (b)	0	0
King et al. 2013 [39]		+ (w)	+ (w)
Kirwan et al. 2012 [49]		+ (b)
Maher et al. 2015 [50]		+ (b)							0
Mummah et al. 2016 [45]	+ (b)
Partridge et al. 2015 [31], Allman-Farinelli et al. 2016 [32]	+ (b)	+ (b)		+ (b)
Rabbi et al. 2015 [46]	0	0
Rospo et al. 2016 [56]		- (b)			+ (w)	+ (w)
Safran Naimark et al. 2015 [58]	+ (b)	+ (b)		+ (b)
Silveira et al. 2013 [33], Van Het Reve et al. 2014 [34]		+ (b)
Stuckey et al. 2011 [41]		+ (w)		+ (w)		+ (w)	0	+ (w)
Van Drongelen et al. 2014 [54]	+ (b)	+ (b)
Wharton et al. 2014 [42]	0			+ (w)
Walsh et al. 2016 [55]		+ (b)
Wang et al. 2015 [43]		+ (w)

+ (b): between-group significant improvements in favour of app intervention group, − (b): between-group significant improvements in favour of non-app control group, + (w): within-group significant improvement, 0: no significant change

ISSN: 1479-5868