Author | Selection bias | Study design | Confounders | Blinding | Data collection method | Withdrawals and dropouts | Overall rating |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Biddle et al. [48] | Weak | Strong | Weak | NA | Strong | Strong | Weak |
Canuto et al. [49] | Moderate | Strong | Strong | NA | Strong | Weak | Moderate |
Chan et al. [43] | Weak | Moderate | NA | NA | Strong | Moderate | Moderate |
Coppell et al. [50] | Weak | Moderate | NA | Weak | Strong | Weak | Weak |
Davey et al. [40] | Weak | Moderate | NA | NA | Strong | Moderate | Moderate |
Dimer et al. [51] | Moderate | Moderate | NA | NA | Strong | Weak | Moderate |
Egger et al. [42] | Weak | Strong | NA | NA | Strong | Strong | Moderate |
Gracey et al. [52] | Strong | Moderate | NA | NA | Strong | Weak | Moderate |
McAuley et al. [36] | Weak | Moderate | NA | NA | Strong | Strong | Moderate |
Mendham et al. [41] | Moderate | Strong | Strong | Moderate | Strong | Weak | Moderate |
O’Dea [39] | Weak | Moderate | NA | NA | Strong | Strong | Moderate |
Rowley et al. [35] | Weak | Moderate | Strong | Weak | Strong | Weak | Weak |
Sukala et al. [53] | Moderate | Moderate | Strong | Moderate | Strong | Moderate | Strong |
Overall score | 1 strong, 3 moderate, 9 weak | 4 strong, 9 moderate, 0 weak | 4 strong, 0 moderate, 1 weak, 8 NA | 0 strong, 2 moderate, 2 weak, 9 NA | 13 strong, 0 moderate, 0 weak | 4 strong, 3 moderate, 6 weak | 1 strong, 9 moderate, 3 weak |