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Table 3 Outcome measures, impact and intervention development and duration

From: Do physical activity interventions in Indigenous people in Australia and New Zealand improve activity levels and health outcomes? A systematic review

 

Objective outcome measures

Subjective outcome measures

Metabolic measures

Data collection points, duration of intervention

Cultural consultation and adaption

Biddle et al. [48]

Vo2 peak**↑, leg strength (maximal quadriceps at 60deg/second)*↑

PAR-Q

Fasting glucose and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile (HDL)*↑, blood pressure and C-reactive protein

Baseline, 4 weeks, IP

Community consultations

Canuto et al. [49]

Height, weight*↓, BMI*↓, waist and hip circumference, and blood pressure, Step count [data not shown]

Sallis seven-day physical activity recall survey (1985),

Quality of life (SF36)

Fasting venous samples of glucose and serum insulin, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride concentration. HbA1c and c-reactive protein

Baseline, 12 weeks, IP, 12WP,

Community consultations

Chan et al. [43]

Weight, Waist*↓ and hip circumference, Blood pressure*↓, Step count

 

Plasma glucose (fasting), HbA1c*↓, Lipid profile*↓ (LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides*↓, Homocysteine, C-peptide, Serum creatinine, Microalbuminuria, Insulin resistance, Triglyceride, Homocysteine levels

Baseline, 6 months

Community consultations

Coppell et al. [50]

Weight, waist circumference, blood pressure*↓, BMI

Medical history, self-reported physical activity*↑ and dietary behaviours**↑↓ (New Zealand Health Survey, 1999).

75g fasted oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)*↑, Fasting insulin, fasting lipids ↓*and urate*↓ and a mid-stream urine sample*↑.

Baseline, ongoing, two years post intervention

Community consultations

Davey et al. [40]

Age, gender, health conditions, Weight*↓, BMI*↓, waist circumference *↓, 6 minute walk test (6MWT)*↑, Incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT)*↑, Timed Up and Go (TUG)*↓

Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ), Quality of life (SF36)*↑

 

Baseline, 8 weeks, IP

Community consultations

Dimer et al. [51]

Weight, BMI*↓, 6 minute walk test (6MWT)**↑, Blood pressure*↓, Waist girth**↓

  

Baseline, 8 weeks, IP

Community consultation

Egger et al. [42]

Weight**↓, Waist & hip circumference (cm)**↓, BMI**↓, hip circumference **↓, Waist to hip ratio, Body fat through bio-impedance analysis**↓., fat mass (kg)**↓

  

1 year follow up

Community consultation

Gracey et al. [52] †

Weight, BMI, Blood pressure

 

HbA1c, glucose, cholesterol (total, LDL, HDL), triglycerides

Not specified

Community consultation

McAuley et al. [36]

Weight**↓, height, waist and hip circumference**↓, blood pressure*↓, BMI**↓, Body composition (fat free mass)*↓, and submaximal exercise test (one mile walk test)**↑

4 day diet record pre and post intervention and a daily diet record. *↓

PAR-Q

Physical activity levels: Based on the Life in New Zealand (LINZ)

fasting insulin, glucose**↓, and lipids, insulin sensitivity**↓

Baseline, 4 months, IP

Community consultation

Mendham et al. [41]

Body mass*↓, blood pressure, waist circumference*↓ (WC) and hip circumference, BMI*↓

A graded exercise test (GXT)*↑ to determine peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak) and maximal aerobic workload (Wmax)

PAR-Q

Leptin (pg mL−1)**↓, Glucose regulation: Fasting glucose test and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), Inflammatory markers: C-reactive proteins and inflammatory cytokines.

Matsuda ISI (μlUmL−1, mg mL−1)*↑, HOMA-IR (μlUmL−1, mg mL−1)*↑

Baseline, 12 weeks, IP

Community consultation

O’Dea [39]

Weight, BMI

Physical activity levels on a scale of 1–5.

Oral glucose tolerance test*↓, fasting plasma insulin *↓Plasma triglycerides*↓ , plasma cholesterol

Fasting plasma glucose*↓

Baseline, 7 weeks, IP

Unsure

Rowley et al. [35]♦

Body weight, BMI**↓

Diet and physical activity questionnaires [not specified]

75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)**↓, Fasting plasma triglyceride*↓ and insulin concentrations*↑

Fasting plasma glucose *↓

Baseline, 6M, 12M, 18M, 24M, 48M

Community consultation

Sukala et al. [53]

Weight, BMI, Blood pressure

SF36 (Quality of Life)*↑

 

Baseline, 16 weeks, IP

Community consultation

  1. IP immediate post intervention, * Significant change (p<0.05), ** Significant change (p<0.01), ↓Value decreased, ↑Value increased, † Not enough information provided to determine significant differences, ♦Significance level was set at p<0.1