Table 5 Description of studies for the development and validation of usual-week and past-week physical activity questionnaires
Instrument | Reference | Purpose of study | Study population | Age range (R; mean ± standard deviation) or (R; median [IQR]) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
EPAQ2Usual 7-days | Espana-Romero, Golubic [48] | To compare physical activity sub-components of the EPIC PAQ with a combined heart rate and body movement sensor | Male (I) & Female (II): Validity (N = 813 & 876) | Total sample: R = NR (NR); (I) NR (62.8 ± 1.2)y; (II) NR (62.9 ± 1.1)y |
Golubic, Martin [49] | Validity of EPAQ2 with accelerometers amongst early old-aged adults | Combined unemployed/employed (I) & Unemployed (II): Validity (N = 1705 * 819) | Total sample: 60–64 (NR); (I) NR; (II) NR | |
Wareham, Jakes [29] | 1) To compare EPAQ2 with measures of energy expenditure assessed by heart rate monitoring; 2) to assess the repeatability of the questionnaire | Male: Repeatability (I) & Validity (II) (N = 187 & 84) Female: Repeatability (III) & Validity (IV) (N = 212 & 89) | Total sample: R = NR (64.6 ± 8.4); (I) NR (65.0 ± 8.2)y; (II) NR (58.8 ± 7.9)y; (III) NR (63.8 ± 8.4)y; (IV) NR (55.4 ± 6.7)y | |
EPIC PAQ Usual 7-days | Cust, Smith [27] | To examine the validity and long-term repeatability of total physical activity measurements estimated from the past-year recall EPIC questionnaire, using accelerometers as an objective reference measure | Validity & Repeatability (N = 182) | Total sample: R = 50–65 (NR)y |
Cust, Armstrong [41] | To assess whether self-reported confidence in recall of physical activity was a predictor of the validity and retest reliability of the EPIC PAQ and IPAQ | Validity & Repeatability (N = 177) | Total sample: R = 50–65 (NR)y | |
Wareham, Jakes [50] | 1) Compared the EPIC PAQ with energy expenditure assessed by heart rate monitoring with individual calibration; and; 2) Assessed the repeatability of the EPIC PAQ | Validity (N = 173) | Total sample: R = NR (57.1 ± 7.3)y | |
IPEQ-W Usual 7-days | Delbaere, Hauer [11] | As for IPEQ-WA | As for IPEQ-WA | As for IPEQ-WA |
IPEQ-WA Usual 7-days | Delbaere, Hauer [11] | Assess the validity and reliability of the IPEQ-W and IPEQ-WA instruments | IPEQ-W: Repeatability (I) & Validity (II) (N = 50 & 115) IPEQ-WA: Repeatability (III) & Validity (IV) (N = 30 & 106) | Total sample: R = NR (77.4 ± 6.1)y; (I) NR; (II) NR; (III) NR; (IV) NR |
NHS IIUsual 7-days | Wolf, Hunter [51] | Reproducibility and validity of the NHS II PAQ and 2 physical inactivity questions | Non-African-American (I) & African-American (II): Repeatability (N = 153 & 96); Validity (N = 169 & 105) | Total sample: R = 25–42 (39.0 ± 4.6)y; (I) R = NR (39 ± 4.3)y; (II) R = NR (39 ± 4.5)y |
Seven-day Adventists and non-Adventists (SDANA) Usual 7-days | Singh, Tonstad [33] | Construct validity and reliability of white Seventh-day Adventists and non-Adventists physical activity questionnaire | Adventist males (I), Non-Adventist males (II), Adventist females (III) & Non-Adventist females: Validity (N = 55, 59, 56 & 34), Repeatability (N = 28, 31, 41 & 12) | Total sample: NR; (I) NR (53.6 ± 15.2)y; (II) NR (50.0 ± 11.9)y; (III) NR (54.6 ± 17.0)y; (IV) NR (50.4 ± 11.8)y Note. Not separated by ‘validity’ and ‘repeatability’ |
Singh, Fraser [52] | Convergent validity and reliability of white Seventh-day Adventists and non-Adventists physical activity questionnaire | Validity (I) (N = 104), Repeatability (II) (N = 138) | Total sample: NR (49 ± 14.5)y; (I) NR; (II) NR | |
Stanford Usual Activity Questionnaire Usual 7-days | Jacobs, Ainsworth [53] | As for CAQ-PAI | As for CAQ-PAI | As for CAQ-PAI |
YPAS Usual 7 days | Resnicow, McCarty [54] | Convergent validity of physical activity questionnaires with physical fitness | Total sample (I), Male (II), Female (III), Income (IV) & Education (V): Validity (N = 138, 29, 109, 122 & 138) | (I) Total sample: R = 21–68 (40.7 ± 8.9)y; (II) NR; (III) NR, (IV) NR, (V) NR |
AAS Past 7-days | Brown, Burton [55] | Assessed the test-retest reliability (repeatability) and validity of the modified version of the Active Australia survey as used in the Australian Longitudinal Study of Women’s Health | Validity (I) (N = 44); Repeatability (II) (N = 159) | Total sample: R = NR (54.9 ± 1.4)y; (I) NR (54.7 ± 1.6)y; NR (54.9 ± 1.4)y |
CAQ-PAI Past 7-days | Ainsworth, Berry [56] | Construct validity of CAQ-PAI with physical fitness | Inactive (I), Low active (II) & Active (III): Validity (N = 37, 99 & 53) | Total sample: NR (18.3 ± 1.0)y, (I) NR, (II) NR, (III) NR |
Ainsworth, Leon [57] | Measured test-retest reliability and convergent validity of CAQ-PAI | Male (I) & Female (II): Validity & Repeatability (N = 78) | Total sample: 21–59 (38.0 ± 9.0)y; (I) NR; (II) NR | |
Albanes, Conway [58] | Convergent validity between eight physical activity questionnaires | Validity (N = 21) | Total sample: 28–55 (37.8 ± 1.8)y | |
Bassett, Cureton [59] | Convergent validity of CAQ-PAI with pedometers | Combined gender (I), Male (II) & Female (III): Validity (N = 96, 48 & 48) | (I) Total sample: 25–70 (39.9 ± 11.3)y, (II) NR (40.9 ± 11.2)y, (III) NR (39.0 ± 11.5)y | |
Jacobs, Ainsworth [53] | Compared physical activity questionnaires with objective and subjective measures of physical activity | Validity & Repeatability (N = 78) | Total sample: 20–59 (37.3 ± 9.9)y | |
Resnicow, McCarty [54] | As for YPAS | As for YPAS | As for YPAS | |
Strath, Bassett [60] | Compared estimates of intensity-specific and total physical activity measured by CAQ-PAI to those measured by the heart rate and motion sensor, over 7 days | Male (I), Female (II): Validity (N = 12 & 13) | Total sample: 20–56 (30.0 ± 10.5)y; (I) NR (30.6 ± 9.9)y; (II) NR (29.5 ± 11.4)y | |
Washburn, Goldfield [61] | Construct validity of self-reported activities enough to induce sweating | Combined gender (I), Male (II), Female (III), age 25–39 (IV) & age 40–65 (V): Validity (N = 657, 275, 382, 375 & 282) | (I) Total sample: 25–65 (39.5 ± 10.8)y; (II) NR (38.2 ± 10.6); (III) NR (40.5 ± 10.8)y; (IV) NR (31.7 ± 4.3)y; (V) NR (49.8 ± 7.6)y | |
Checklist Questionnaire Past 7-days | Masse, Fulton [38] | Compared the validity of two physical activity questionnaire formats | Validity (N = 260) | Total sample: R = 40–70 (49.2 ± 7.0)y |
GPPAQ | Ahmad, Harris [62] | Assess reliability and validity of GPPAQ in the elderly | Validity (N = 298) Repeatability (N = 148) | Total sample: R = 60–74 (NR) |
IPAQ-LF (self-administered) Past 7-days | McKeon, Slevin [63] | Pilot study to validate the Sensewear Armband and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire in developing a methodology to measure and explore the physical activity of men with intellectual disability | Validity (N = 17) | Total sample: R = 19–59 (NR) |
IPAQ-SF (Self-administered) Past 7-days | Cust, Armstrong [41] | As for EPIC PAQ | As for EPIC PAQ | As for EPIC PAQ |
Kaleth, Ang [64] | To determine the construct validity and test–retest reliability of two self-report physical activity questionnaires IPAQ-SF and CHAMPS in a fibromyalgia population | Validity & Repeatability (N = 30) | Total sample: R = 28–72 (49.1 ± 9.6)y | |
Tierney, Fraser [65] | Convergent validity of IPAQ-SF (telephone) with Sense Wear Armband amongst patients with rheumatoid arthritis | Validity (N = 22) | Total sample: NR (60 ± 13)y | |
Warner, Wolin [66] | To examine whether agreement between self-reported and accelerometer measured physical activity varies by BMI category in a low-income black sample | Obese (I) & Non-obese (II): Validity (N = 74 & 61) | Total sample: R = 24–64 (43.4 ± 11.6)y; (I) R = NR (42.9 ± 12.1)y; (II) R = NR (43.9 ± 11.0)y | |
IPAQ-SF (recall confidence) Past 7-days | Cust, Armstrong [41] | As for EPIC PAQ | As for EPIC PAQ | As for EPIC PAQ |
OSPAQ Past 7-days | Chau, Van Der Ploeg [42] | Developed and validated OSPAQ | Validity (N = 85); Repeatability (N = 84) | Total sample: 19- ≥ 60 (NR)y |
|  | Chau, Van Der Ploeg [42] | Validity of the OSPAQ with accelerometers | Combined waist/thigh (I), waist (II) & thigh (III): Validity (N = 41, 22, 19) | Total sample (I): 18–50+ (NR)y; (II): NR; (III) NR |
OSWEQ Past 7-days | Taylor, Lawton [43] | To 1) develop an online PA questionnaire for estimating energy expenditure (EE) and time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA); 2) examine the test-retest reliability of the new online PA questionnaire and the IPAQ short form; and 3) compare the online questionnaire, IPAQ short form, and accelerometer measurement for EE and time spent in MVPA | Validity (I) (N = 49); Repeatability (II) (N = 59) | Total sample: NR (27 ± 11.9)y; (I) NR; (II) NR (27 ± 11.9)y |
PASE Past 7-days | Allison, Keller [67] | Reliability and validity of PASE amongst elderly patients in a rural community | Validity and Repeatability (N = 32) | Total sample: 67–83 (72 ± 4.24)y |
DePew, Garofoli [28] | Convergent validity of PASE with accelerometers amongst patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | Validity and Repeatability (N = 67) | Total sample: NR (71.4 ± 7.91) | |
Ewald, McEvoy [68] | Convergent validity of PASE with pedometers in older adults | Male (I) & Female (II): Validity (N = 319 & 350) | Total sample: 55–85 (66.3 ± 7.7)y; (I) NR, (II) NR | |
Garfield, Canavan [69] | Convergent validity of three physical activity questionnaires with accelerometers | Validity (N = 43) | Total sample: NR (68.0 ± 9.0)y | |
Granger, Parry [70] | Convergent validity of EPIC with accelerometers amongst patients with lung cancer | Validity (N = 69) | Total sample: NR (68.0 [61.5–74.0]y | |
Harada, Chiu [71] | Assess the known-groups and construct validity of CHAMPS, PASE and YPAS | Retirement homes (I) & Community centres (II): Validity (N = 36 & 51) | Total sample: R = 56–89 (75.0 ± 6.0); (I) R = 65–89 (79.0 ± 6.0); (II) R = 65–86 (73.0 ± 5.0) | |
Martin, Rejeski [72] | Convergent validity of PASE with physiological measures in physical disability | Validity (N = 471) | Total sample: 65+ (71.7 ± 4.9)y | |
Washburn, Smith [44] | Convergent validity and reliability of PASE with accelerometers | Validity & Repeatability (N = 119) | Total sample: NR (73.4 ± NR)y | |
Washburn and Ficker [73] | Convergent validity of PASE with accelerometers | Total sample (I), age ≤70y (II) & age >70y (III): Validity (N = 20, 9, 11) | (I) Total sample: NR; (II) NR; (III) NR | |
Washburn, McAuley [74] | Construct validity of PASE with physiological measures | Total sample (I), Male (II), Female (III), age 55–64y (IV), age ≥65y (V): Validity (N = 190, 56, 134, 87 & 102) | (I) Total sample: 55–65+ (NR)y; (II) NR; (III) NR; (IV) NR; (V) NR | |
Zalewski, Smith [75] | Convergent validity of PASE with accelerometers in older adults | Validity (N = 590 | Total sample: NR (83.8 ± NR)y | |
PA Recall Instrument Past 7-days | Timperio, Salmon [45] | Validity and reliability of physical activity recall instrument among overweight and non-overweight men and women | Male total sample (I), Male BMI ≤25 (II), Male BMI >25 (III), Female total sample (IV), Female BMI ≤25 (V), Female BMI >25 (VI): Reliability (N = 55, 28, 27, 63, 40 & 23), Validity (N = 57, 28, 29, 59, 36 & 23) | Total sample: 18+ (38.7 ± 14.9)y, (I) 18+ (37.8 ± 12.7)y, (II) NR, (III) NR, (IV) 18+ (39.6 ± 17.0)y, (V) NR, (VI) NR |
SPAQ2 Past 7-days | Lowther, Mutrie [46] | To establish the test-retest reliability and convergent validity of the SPAQ2 | Validity (I) (N = 96); Repeatability (II) (N = 34) | Total sample: NR; (I) NR (33.0 ± 11.6)y; NR (33.0 ± 11.5)y |
Stanford 7-day Physical Activity Recall (PAR) Past 7-days | Ainsworth, Jacobs [76] | Validity and reliability of occupational physical activity from PAR | Validity & Repeatability (N = 75) | Total sample: NR (37.3 ± 9.5)y |
Ainsworth, Richardson [77] | Convergent validity of occupational activity between physical activity questionnaires | Validity (N = 46) | Total sample: 20–60 (39.4 ± 11.8)y | |
Dishman and Steinhardt [78] | Reliability and convergent validity of PAR in college students | (I) Study 1: Validity & Reliability (N = 158), (II) Study 2: Validity (N = 91) (III), Study 3: Validity (N = 74), (IV) Study 4: Validity (N = 24) | Total sample: NR (21.9 ± 2.9)y; (I) NR, (II) NR (III) NR, (IV) NR (23.0 ± 3.0)y | |
Jacobs, Ainsworth [53] | As for CAQ-PAI | As for CAQ-PAI | As for CAQ-PAI | |
TPAQ Past 7-days | Adams, Goad [47] | Reliability and convergent validity of TPAQ with accelerometers | Moderate intensity (I), Moderate-vigorous intensity (II) & Vigorous intensity (III): Validity (N = 53, 52 & 46) Walking for transport (I), Cycling for transport (II), Walking for recreation (III), Cycling for recreation (IV), Moderate intensity (V), Vigorous intensity (VI) & Total physical activity (VII): Repeatability (N = 164, 164, 165, 165, 165, 163 & 161) | Total sample for validity: NR Total sample for reliability : NR |