Geographical region
|
Africa
|
1
|
2.4
|
Asia
|
6
|
14.3
|
Europe
|
9
|
21.4
|
North America
|
18
|
42.9
|
Oceania
|
5
|
11.9
|
South America
|
3
|
7.1
|
Geographical setting
|
Urban
|
34
|
81.0
|
Urban, suburban and/or rural
|
5
|
11.9
|
Not reported
|
3
|
7.1
|
Study designa
|
Cross-sectional
|
42
|
100.0
|
Longitudinal
|
0
|
0.0
|
Quasi-experimental
|
0
|
0.0
|
Stratification by characteristic of study area
|
Area-level socio-economic status
|
21
|
50.0
|
Walkability aspects
|
22
|
52.4
|
Urbanisation
|
4
|
9.5
|
Demographics
|
3
|
7.1
|
None
|
12
|
28.6
|
Sample size
|
≤ 100
|
1
|
2.4
|
101-300
|
7
|
16.7
|
301-500
|
15
|
35.7
|
501-1000
|
9
|
21.4
|
1001 – 2500
|
6
|
14.3
|
> 2500
|
4
|
9.5
|
Neighbourhood definitiona
|
Objective
|
Administrative/census area
|
15
|
35.7
|
Buffer (crow-fly or road-network)
|
400-500 m
|
9
|
21.4
|
≥ 1000 m
|
2
|
4.8
|
variable/not fixed
|
2
|
4.8
|
Perceived
|
10-20 min walk from home
|
13
|
31.0
|
Other participant delimitation
|
7
|
16.7
|
Unknown
|
1
|
2.4
|
Studies with multiple publications
|
SNQLS
|
6
|
14.3
|
Active Living Study
|
4
|
9.5
|
BEPAS Seniors
|
3
|
7.1
|
EpiFloripa Elderly
|
3
|
7.1
|
HK Elderly 1
|
3
|
7.1
|
Montreal’s Household Travel Survey
|
2
|
4.8
|
Single publication from studies with name
|
12
|
28.6
|
Single publication from studies with no name
|
9
|
21.4
|
Environmental attributes measureda
|
Residential density/urbanisation
|
15
|
35.7
|
Objectively assessed
|
4
|
9.5
|
Perceived
|
11
|
26.2
|
Walkability
|
11
|
26.2
|
Objectively assessed
|
11
|
26.2
|
Perceived
|
0
|
0.0
|
Street connectivity
|
15
|
35.7
|
Objectively assessed
|
3
|
7.1
|
Perceived
|
12
|
28.6
|
Access to/availability of services and destinationsb
|
33
|
78.6
|
Objectively assessed
|
15
|
35.7
|
Perceived
|
19
|
45.2
|
Pedestrian & cycling infrastructure
|
25
|
59.5
|
Objectively assessed
|
6
|
14.3
|
Perceived
|
19
|
45.2
|
Aesthetics and cleanliness/order
|
19
|
45.2
|
Objectively assessed
|
3
|
7.1
|
Perceived
|
16
|
38.1
|
Safety and traffic
|
24
|
57.1
|
Objectively assessed
|
5
|
11.9
|
Perceived
|
19
|
45.2
|
Active travel measuresa (all self-reported)
|
Total walking for transportc
|
35
|
83.3
|
Continuous – frequency
|
5
|
11.9
|
Continuous – amount
|
11
|
26.2
|
Categorical – any, yes/no
|
10
|
23.8
|
Categorical – 60+ min/week, yes/no
|
5
|
11.9
|
Categorical – 150+ min/week, yes/no
|
1
|
2.4
|
Categorical – daily, yes/no
|
1
|
2.4
|
Categorical – 3 categories/levels
|
3
|
7.1
|
Within-neighbourhood walking for transportc
|
4
|
9.5
|
Continuous – frequency
|
2
|
4.8
|
Continuous – amount
|
4
|
9.5
|
Total cycling for transport
|
2
|
4.8
|
Continuous – amount
|
1
|
2.4
|
Categorical – daily, yes/no
|
1
|
2.4
|
Active travel (walking + cycling)
|
5
|
11.9
|
Continuous – frequency
|
1
|
2.4
|
Continuous – amount
|
3
|
7.1
|
Categorical – 3 categories/levels
|
1
|
2.4
|
Moderators of environment-active travel associationsa
|
Individual
|
Socio-demographics
|
6
|
14.3
|
Psychosocial factors
|
1
|
2.4
|
Vehicle ownership or driving status
|
1
|
2.4
|
Health status/functionality
|
3
|
7.1
|
Environmental
|
Area-level income
|
4
|
9.5
|
Residential density/urbanisation
|
2
|
4.8
|
Pedestrian infrastructure
|
1
|
2.4
|
Safety and traffic
|
2
|
4.8
|
None
|
25
|
59.5
|