Table 2 Summary of article quality assessment (N = 42)
Quality-assessment item [score] | Number of studies | % |
|---|---|---|
1. Study areas or participant recruitment stratified by key environmental attributes [1] | 30 | 71.4 |
2. Response rate ≥60% or sample representative of the population [1] | 12 | 28.6 |
3. Active travel measures (outcomes) valid, or well-established in the field [1] | 32 | 76.2 |
4. Analyses adjusted for key socio-demographic covariates (at least age, sex and education considered) [1] | 38 | 90.5 |
5. Analyses adjusted for self-selection [1] | 4 | 9.5 |
6. Analytical approach – adjustment for clustering (if needed) [1/3] | 30 | 71.4 |
7. Analytical approach – accounting for distributional assumptions [1/3] | 36 | 85.7 |
8. Analytical approach – analyses conducted and presented correctly [1/3] | 35 | 83.3 |
9. Did not (inappropriately) categorise continuous environmental exposures [1] | 33 | 78.6 |
Total quality score [theoretical range: 0–7], mean (SD) | 4.3 | 1.3 |