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Table 2 The associations between adherence to lifestyle behavior recommendations and meeting expectations on a standardized exam in Mathematics

From: The combined impact of diet, physical activity, sleep and screen time on academic achievement: a prospective study of elementary school students in Nova Scotia, Canada

 

Academic Achievement in Mathematics

Univariable

Model 1*

Model 2**

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

Vegetables and Fruits

 No (reference)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 Yes

1.13 (0.95, 1.35)

0.18

1.06 (0.90, 1.27)

0.48

1.04 (0.86, 1.27)

0.66

Grain Products

 No (reference)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 Yes

1.02 (0.86, 1.22)

0.81

1.00 (0.83, 1.20)

0.99

0.99 (0.82, 1.20)

0.92

Milk and Alternatives

 No (reference)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 Yes

1.34 (1.15, 1.57)

<0.001

1.27 (1.09, 1.49)

0.002

1.33 (1.11, 1.59)

0.002

Meat and Alternatives

 No (reference)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 Yes

1.56 (1.27, 1.90)

<0.001

1.56 (1.28, 1.91)

<0.001

1.59 (1.27, 1.99)

<0.001

Saturated Fat

 No (reference)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 Yes

0.97 (0.82, 1.14)

0.71

0.94 (0.79, 1.12)

0.49

1.00 (0.83, 1.21)

0.99

Free Sugars <10% total kcal

 No (reference)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 Yes

1.63 (1.38, 1.93)

<0.001

1.33 (1.12, 1.57)

0.001

1.20 (0.99, 1.45)

0.06

PAQ-C

      

 No (reference)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 Yes

1.14 (0.96, 1.35)

0.12

1.10 (0.92, 1.30)

0.30

1.12 (0.94, 1.33)

0.21

Sleep

      

 No (reference)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 Yes

1.44 (1.01, 2.02)

0.04

1.26 (0.88, 1.80)

0.20

1.42 (0.97, 2.07)

0.71

Screen (TV)

      

 No (reference)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 Yes

1.33 (1.11, 1.60)

0.002

1.11 (0.92, 1.35)

0.28

1.02 (0.83, 1.25)

0.86

Body Weight Status

 

 Normal Weight (reference)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 Overweight or Obese

0.95 (0.79, 1.13)

0.533

1.00 (0.84, 1.20)

0.97

0.98 (0.82, 1.17)

0.81

Gender

 Girl (reference)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 Boy

1.09 (0.93, 1.28)

0.27

1.08 (0.92, 1.27)

0.22

1.11 (0.94, 1.30)

0.22

Parental Education

 Secondary or Less (ref)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 College Diploma

1.50 (1.20, 1.86)

<0.001

1.32 (1.07, 1.63)

0.01

1.32 (1.06, 1.65)

0.01

 University or Graduate Degree

3.28 (2.65, 4.06)

<0.001

2.38 (1.91, 2.97)

<0.001

2.45 (1.96, 3.07)

<0.001

Household Income (CAN$)

 <=20,000 (reference)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 20,001–40,000

1.61 (1.30, 2.01)

<0.001

1.43 (1.15, 1.79)

0.002

1.42 (1.13, 1.79)

0.003

 40,001–60,000

2.03 (1.63, 2.53)

<0.001

1.49 (1.21, 1.85)

<0.001

1.44 (1.15, 1.80)

0.001

 >=60,001

3.43 (2.71, 4.35)

<0.001

2.05 (1.58, 2.65)

<0.001

2.03 (1.56, 2.63)

<0.001

Region of Residence

      

 Rural (reference)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 Urban

0.82 (0.66, 1.04)

0.10

0.70 (0.59, 0.84)

<0.001

0.72 (0.58, 0.89)

0.002

  1. *Model 1 adjusted for gender, parental education, household income, and region of residence. Results for Model 1 for confounders are the result of a model using only confounders as predictors
  2. **Model 2 adjusted for above, weight status and all lifestyle behaviors
  3. Results in bold are statistically significant (p < 0.05)