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Table 3 The associations between adherence to lifestyle behavior recommendations and meeting expectations on a standardized exam in Reading

From: The combined impact of diet, physical activity, sleep and screen time on academic achievement: a prospective study of elementary school students in Nova Scotia, Canada

 

Academic Achievement in Reading

Univariable

Model 1*

Model 2**

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

Meets Vegetables and Fruits

 No (reference)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 Yes

1.44 (1.13, 1.83)

0.003

1.30 (1.02, 1.66)

0.03

1.19 (0.91, 1.56)

0.20

Meets Grain Products

 No (reference)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 Yes

1.49 (1.13, 1.97)

0.005

1.49 (1.12, 1.98)

0.006

1.57 (1.16, 2.14)

0.004

Meets Milk and Alternatives

 No (reference)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 Yes

1.25 (1.02, 1.53)

0.03

1.24 (1.00, 1.53)

0.045

1.46 (1.16, 1.84)

0.001

Meets Meat and Alternatives

 No (reference)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 Yes

1.55 (1.20, 2.01)

0.001

1.55 (1.19, 2.01)

0.001

1.56 (1.18, 2.08)

0.04

Meets Saturated Fat

 No (reference)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 Yes

1.36 (1.13, 1.65)

0.001

1.28 (1.06, 1.56)

0.01

1.28 (1.01, 1.62)

0.04

Meets Free Sugars <10% total kcal

 No (reference)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 Yes

1.91 (1.57, 2.32)

<0.001

1.56 (1.28, 1.90)

<0.001

1.29 (1.02, 1.62)

0.03

Meets PAQ-C

      

 No (reference)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 Yes

1.14 (0.90, 1.45)

0.28

1.05 (0.82, 1.34)

0.70

1.05 (0.82, 1.36)

0.66

Meets Sleep

      

 No (reference)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 Yes

1.33 (0.89, 2.00)

0.16

1.21 (0.79, 1.88)

0.38

1.39 (0.90, 2.13)

0.14

Meets Screen Time

      

 No (reference)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 Yes

1.17 (0.94, 1.46)

0.16

1.03 (0.82, 1.31)

0.77

0.96 (0.75, 1.23)

0.74

Body Weight Status

 

 Normal Weight (reference)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 Overweight or Obese

1.01 (0.81, 1.26)

0.92

1.09 (0.86, 1.37)

0.48

1.03 (0.82, 1.31)

0.79

Gender

 Girl (reference)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 Boy

0.56 (0.46, 0.67)

<0.001

0.57 (0.46, 0.69)

<0.001

0.57 (0.47, 0.70)

<0.001

Parental Education

 Secondary or Less (ref)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 College Diploma

1.42 (1.09, 1.84)

0.008

1.33 (1.02, 1.73)

0.04

1.24 (0.93, 1.66)

0.14

 University or Graduate Degree

2.56 (1.92, 3.41)

<0.001

1.89 (1.40, 2.55)

<0.001

1.89 (1.37, 2.60)

<0.001

Household Income (CAN$)

 <=20,000 (reference)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 20,001–40,000

1.31 (0.97, 1.77)

0.78

1.20 (0.90, 1.62)

0.22

1.23 (0.89, 1.70)

0.21

 40,001–60,000

1.68 (1.20, 2.34)

0.002

1.32 (0.95, 1.84)

0.10

1.33 (0.94, 1.88)

0.11

 >=60,001

3.10 (2.13, 4.51)

<0.001

1.95 (1.33, 2.87)

0.001

2.06 (1.37, 3.08)

<0.001

Region of Residence

      

 Rural (reference)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 Urban

1.23 (0.96, 1.57)

0.11

1.03 (0.84, 1.25)

0.81

1.11 (0.87, 1.41)

0.41

  1. *Model 1 adjusted for gender, parental education, household income, and region of residence. Results for Model 1 for confounders are the result of a model using only confounders as predictors
  2. **Model 2 adjusted for above, weight status and all lifestyle behaviors
  3. Results in bold are statistically significant (p < 0.05)
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International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1479-5868

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