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Table 4 The associations between adherence to lifestyle behavior recommendations and meeting expectations on a standardized exam in Writing

From: The combined impact of diet, physical activity, sleep and screen time on academic achievement: a prospective study of elementary school students in Nova Scotia, Canada

 

Academic Achievement in Writing

Univariable

Model 1*

Model 2**

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

OR (95% CI)

p-value

Meets Vegetables and Fruits

 No (reference)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 Yes

1.35 (1.06, 1.71)

0.02

1.20 (0.93, 1.54)

0.16

1.08 (0.81, 1.43)

0.61

Meets Grain Products

 No (reference)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 Yes

1.05 (0.79, 1.40)

0.72

1.09 (0.82, 1.44)

0.57

1.00 (0.74, 1.37)

0.96

Meets Milk and Alternatives

 No (reference)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 Yes

1.15 (0.91, 1.45)

0.25

1.08 (0.85, 1.37)

0.54

1.10 (0.85, 1.43)

0.46

Meets Meat and Alternatives

 No (reference)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 Yes

1.46 (1.08, 1.99)

0.01

1.40 (1.04, 1.90)

0.03

1.39 (1.01, 1.91)

0.04

Meets Saturated Fat

 No (reference)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 Yes

1.23 (0.99, 1.52)

0.06

1.18 (0.95, 1.48)

0.141

1.16 (0.90, 1.49)

0.25

Meets Free Sugars <10% total kcal

 No (reference)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 Yes

1.66 (1.35, 2.04)

<0.001

1.43 (1.16, 1.77)

0.001

1.41 (1.13, 1.49)

0.002

Meets PAQ-C

      

 No (reference)

-

 

-

-

-

-

 Yes

1.32 (1.05, 1.66)

0.02

1.19 (0.94, 1.49)

0.14

1.12 (0.88, 1.43)

0.36

Meets Sleep

      

 No (reference)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 Yes

1.50 (1.05, 2.14)

0.03

1.56 (1.05, 2.29)

0.03

1.56 (1.03, 2.34)

0.03

Meets Screen Time

      

 No (reference)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 Yes

1.47 (1.16, 1.88)

0.002

1.43 (1.12, 1.83)

0.004

1.35 (1.04, 1.75)

0.03

Body Weight Status

 

 Normal Weight (reference)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 Overweight or Obese

0.80 (0.63, 1.03)

0.08

0. 84 (0.65, 1.08)

0.17

0.82 (0.64, 1.06)

0.14

Gender

 Girl (reference)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 Boy

0.44 (0.36, 0.55)

<0.001

0.42 (0.34, 0.52)

<0.001

0.45 (0.36, 0.56)

<0.001

Parental Education

 Secondary or Less (ref)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 College Diploma

1.20 (0.89, 1.63)

0.24

1.33 (1.07, 1.65)

0.01

1.16 (0.84, 1.61)

0.36

 University or Graduate Degree

1.82 (1.34, 2.46)

<0.001

2.42 (1.94, 3.03)

<0.001

1.37 (0.96, 1.94)

0.08

Household Income (CAN$)

 <=20,000 (reference)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 20,001–40,000

1.50 (1.07, 2.11)

0.02

1.46 (1.17, 1.83)

0.01

1.44 (1.01, 2.06)

0.045

 40,001–60,000

1.65 (1.18, 2.30)

0.003

1.53 (1.23, 1.90)

<0.001

1.51 (1.03, 2.21)

0.04

 >=60,001

2.66 (1.80, 3.93)

<0.001

2.42 (1.94, 3.03)

<0.001

2.10 (1.31, 3.36)

0.002

Region of Residence

      

 Rural (reference)

-

-

-

-

-

-

 Urban

0.97 (0.74, 1.26)

0.80

0.70 (0.57, 0.85)

<0.001

0.86 (0.65. 1.12)

0.264

  1. *Model 1 adjusted for gender, parental education, household income, and region of residence. Results for Model 1 for confounders are the result of a model using only confounders as predictors
  2. **Model 2 adjusted for above, weight status and all lifestyle behaviors
  3. Results in bold are statistically significant (p < 0.05)