Table 4 Multivariable generalized linear models for annual medical service utilization and expenditure stratified by the SMMI^a and physical activity (n = 1337) (exp, β coefficients and 95% confidence intervals)

n (%)

209 (15.6)

121 (9.05)

586 (43.8)

421 (31.5)

Deceased n (%)

114 (54.6)

51 (42.2)

188 (32.1)

117 (27.8)

  Outpatient services

0.91 (0.88, 0.94) ^***

0.90 (0.86, 0.94) ^***

0.96 (0.94, 0.99) ^**

Reference

<0.001

  Preventive care

0.86 (0.72, 1.02)

0.88 (0.72, 1.08)

0.93 (0.82, 1.04)

Reference

0.054

  Dental services

0.60 (0.48, 0.75) ^***

0.80 (0.65, 1.00)

0.93 (0.82, 1.06)

Reference

<0.001

  Emergency

1.53 (1.23, 1.90) ^***

1.03 (0.77, 1.37)

1.19 (0.99, 1.43)

Reference

<0.001

 Hospitalization, days^b

1.84 (1.73, 1.95) ^***

1.73 (1.61, 1.85) ^***

1.15 (1.10, 1.21) ^***

Reference

<0.001

  Outpatient services

0.84 (0.73, 0.98) ^*

0.86 (0.72, 1.02)

1.02 (0.91, 1.14)

Reference

0.008

  Preventive care

0.82 (0.71, 0.93) ^**

0.88 (0.76, 1.03)

0.92 (0.84, 1.01)

Reference

0.002

  Dental services

0.68 (0.53, 0.88) ^**

0.92 (0.71, 1.19)

1.01 (0.86, 1.19)

Reference

0.012

  Emergency

1.24 (0.96, 1.59)

1.46 (1.08, 1.97)^*

1.04 (0.87, 1.27)

Reference

0.018

 Hospitalization

2.34 (1.74, 3.19) ^***

2.26 (1.64, 3.40) ^***

1.41 (1.13, 1.76)^**

Reference

<0.001

Total medical expenditure

1.51 (1.23, 1.86) ^***

1.37 (1.08, 1.74) ^**

1.12 (0.96, 1.26)

Reference

<0.001