Effective behaviour change techniques for physical activity and healthy eating in overweight and obese adults; systematic review and meta-regression analyses

Table 1 Summary effects of behaviour change of interventions in a meta-analysis of 48 RCTs 2007-2014

Time	Short term	Long term	Short + long term
Response measure	ES 95% CI	ES 95% CI	ES 95% CI
Physical activity	0.36 (0.24,0.47)	0.25 (0.13,0.38)	0.31 (0.23,0.40)
35 trials	30 reports	17 reports	47 reports
Diet	0.41 (0.20,0.62)	0.19 (0.07,0.31)	0.29 (0.16,0.42)
26 trials	20 reports	15 reports	35 reports
PA + Diet	0.37 (0.26,0.48)	0.24 (0.15,0.33)
61 trials	50 reports	32 reports	82 reports

Abbreviations: RCT: randomized controlled trial; ES: effect size; CI: confidence interval; PA: physical activity
Results from a systematic review of 48 RCTs of behaviour change interventions with ≥ 12 weeks’ duration, published from January 2007 to October 2014 for adults (mean age ≥ 40 years and with a mean BMI ≥ 30) according to type of behaviour and time of data collection (p < 0.0001). Short term represents outcome reports at ≤ 6 months in time, and long term represents reports at ≥ 12 months