Table 1 Description of the main variables included in the manuscript by study cohort
Variables | Cohort | Description | Categories |
|---|---|---|---|
Sociodemographic variables, lifestyle, obesity and reported comorbidity | |||
Age, sex | ELSA | Self-reported | |
Seniors-ENRICA | Self-reported | ||
Educational level | ELSA | Self-reported | <High school High school Some college College or above Unknown |
Seniors-ENRICA | Self-reported | ≤Primary Seconday University | |
Tobacco consumption | ELSA | Self-reported | Never Former Current |
Seniors-ENRICA | Self-reported | Never Former Current | |
Comorbidities (Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic lung disease, osteomuscular disease). | ELSA | Self-reported | Presence/absence of each of the studied comorbidities |
Seniors-ENRICA | Self-reported | Presence/absence of each of the studied comorbidities | |
BMI | ELSA | Weight and height measured under standardized conditions. | <25 kg/m2 25-29.9 kg/m2 ≥30 kg/m2 |
Seniors-ENRICA | Weight and height measured under standardized conditions | <25 kg/m2 25-29.9 kg/m2 ≥30 kg/m2 | |
Diet quality | ELSA | Not available | |
Seniors-ENRICA | MEDAS index | Tertiles | |
Physical activity | ELSA | Self-reported Information on the frequency of vigorous, moderate and mild exercise was multiplied by the metabolic equivalent value for each activity. | Quintiles |
Seniors-ENRICA | Self-reported. Information on work and leisure time physical activity was obtained using the EPIC Physical Activity Questionnaire. | Inactive Moderately inactive Moderately active Active | |
Sedentary behaviors | |||
Television viewing time | ELSA | Self-reported a) n° hours/day spent watching TV from Monday to Friday b) n° hours/day spent watching TV over the weekend | Tertiles |
Seniors-ENRICA | Self-reported a) n° of hours/day spent watching TV | Tertiles | |
Other sedentary behaviors | ELSA | Self-reported use of the internet and/or email | Yes/No |
Seniors-ENRICA | Self-reported n° of hours/day a) sitting in front of a computer b) reading c) listening to music d) commuting e) sunbathing in summer f) sunbathing in winter.” | Tertiles | |
Functional limitations | |||
Overall physical functioning | ELSA | Not available | |
Seniors-ENRICA | Physical component summary of the SF-12 | ||
Mobility limitations | ELSA | Self-reported. Affirmative answer to ≥1 of the following questions: a) Do you experience difficulty lifting/carrying weights over 10 pounds? b) Do you experience difficulty climbing one flight of stairs without resting? c) Do you experience any difficulty walking 1/4 mile unaided? | Yes/No |
Seniors-ENRICA | Self-reported. Affirmative answer to ≥1 of the following questions: a) Do you experience any difficulty in picking up/carrying a shopping bag? b) Do you experience any difficulty in climbing one flight of stairs? c) Do you experience any difficulty in walking several city blocks (a few hundred meters)? | Yes/No | |
Agility limitations | ELSA | Self-reported. Affirmative answer to the question “Do you experience any difficulty stooping/kneeling/crouching?” | Yes/No |
Seniors-ENRICA | Self-reported. Affirmative answer to the question “Do you experience any difficulty in bending/kneeling” | Yes/No | |
Frailty | ELSA | Individuals with ≥1 of the following criteria: a) Weakness: Cohort specific lowest quintile of grip strength adjusted for sex and BMI b) Exhaustion: Affirmative response to ≥1 of the statements a. I felt that everything I did was a big effort in the last week b. I could not get going in the last week c) Weight loss: Loss of ≥10% of body weight since wave 2 or current BMI <18.5 kg/m2 d) Low physical activity: lowest quintile of the distribution of physical activity e) Slow walking speed: Lowest quintile in the distribution of gait speed taking account of sex and height. | Yes/No |
Seniors-ENRICA | Individuals with ≥1 of the following criteria: a) Weakness: Cohort specific lowest quintile of grip strength adjusted for sex and BMI b) Exhaustion: Affirmative response to ≥1 of the statements a. I felt that everything I did was a big effort in the last week b. I could not get going in the last week c) Weight loss: Unintentional loss of ≥4.5 kg of body weight in the preceding year d) Low physical activity: Walking ≤2.5 h/week in men or ≤2 h/week in women. e) Slow walking speed: Lowest quintile in the distribution of gait speed taking account of sex and height. | Yes/No | |