Television viewing time as a risk factor for frailty and functional limitations in older adults: results from 2 European prospective cohorts

García-Esquinas, Esther; Andrade, Elena; Martínez-Gómez, David; Caballero, Francisco Félix; López-García, Esther; Rodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando

doi:10.1186/s12966-017-0511-1

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

Table 3 Baseline characteristics of three subsamples from the ELSA cohort across increasing tertiles of television (TV) viewing time (h/day)

From: Television viewing time as a risk factor for frailty and functional limitations in older adults: results from 2 European prospective cohorts

	Subsample 5: Analyses on mobility limitations (N = 3078)					Subsample 6: Analyses on agility limitations (N = 3002)					Subsample 7: Analyses on frailty (N = 3989)
		M: ≤3 h/d W: ≤3.6 h/d	M: 3-5 h/d W: 3.7-5.6 h/d	M: >5 h/d W: >5.6 h/d	p		M: ≤3 h/d W: ≤3.6 h/d	M: 3-5 h/d W: 3.7-5.6 h/d	M: >5 h/d W: >5.6 h/d	p		M: ≤3 h/d W: ≤3.6 h/d	M: 3-5 h/d W: 3.7-5.6 h/d	M: >5 h/d W: >5.6 h/d	p
	n	%	%	%		n	%	%	%		n	%	%	%
Sociodemographic factors
Age
60-65	1362	43.6	30.6	25.8		1273	42.7	31.8	25.5		1600	38.5	30.9	30.6
66-71	896	38.6	34.2	27.2		866	38.1	32.2	29.7		1133	31.7	32.0	36.3
≥ 72	820	38.2	37.6	24.2	<0.01	863	38.0	36.0	26.0	0.03	1256	34.0	32.9	33.1	<0.01
Sex
Men	1591	42.9	32.7	24.4		1519	41.9	32.6	25.5		1893	35.5	31.4	33.1
Women	1487	38.3	34.4	27.3	0.03	1483	38.0	33.7	28.3	0.07	2096	34.8	32.2	33.0	0.32
Educational level
< High school	788	24.8	35.7	39.5		854	25.2	35.1	29.7		1194	20.5	31.6	47.9
High school	531	40.5	35.0	24.5		485	41.2	35.1	23.7		636	37.3	34.1	28.6
Some college	567	47.3	33.3	19.4		516	45.1	35.8	19.1		692	42.5	33.2	24.3
College or above	477	63.3	24.5	12.2		445	65.8	22.1	12.1		530	60.9	24.7	13.4
Unknown	715	38.2	36.1	25.7	<0.01	702	37.0	34.5	28.5	<0.01	937	32.3	33.5	34.2	<0.01
Lifestlye
BMI (kg/m²)
< 25	770	50.0	29.2	20.8		821	47.8	29.1	23.1		1007	45.4	28.3	26.3
25-29.9	1322	41.2	33.6	25.2		1257	40.9	33.6	25.5		1770	36.5	32.6	30.9
≥ 30	986	32.8	36.7	30.5	<0.01	924	31.9	36.1	32.0	<0.01	1201	24.7	33.6	41.7	<0.01
Smoking
Never	1255	42.8	33.6	23.6		1218	41.9	33.5	24.6		1580	39.2	31.8	29.0
Former	1575	41.0	32.8	26.2		1494	40.7	32.2	27.1		2050	34.0	32.1	33.9
Current	248	28.6	27.5	33.9	<0.01	290	28.6	36.6	34.8	<0.01	359	24.0	29.8	46.2	<0.01
Physical activity score
< 10 METs-h/week	634	34.4	35.0	30.6		741	31.0	34.3	34.7		1349	27.5	32.7	39.8
10-16 METs-h/week	1234	39.3	33.3	27.4		1149	39.7	34.3	26.0		1480	35.7	30.8	33.5
> 16 METs-h/week	1210	45.5	32.9	21.6	<0.01	1112	46.3	31.1	22.6	<0.01	1160	43.3	32.1	24.6	<0.01
Morbidity
Cardiovascular disease^a
No	2607	40.8	33.6	25.5		2482	40.2	33.2	26.6		3198	35.3	32.2	32.5
Yes	471	40.1	32.7	27.2	0.76	520	39.0	32.7	28.3	0.73	791	34.6	30.2	35.2	0.33
Diabetes
No	2856	41.4	33.4	25.2		2759	41.0	33.2	25.8		3635	36.3	31.9	31.8
Yes	222	31.5	34.2	34.3	<0.01	243	28.8	32.1	39.1	<0.01	354	22.9	31.1	46.0	<0.01
Osteomuscular disease^b
No	2272	41.0	33.7	25.3		2216	40.2	32.7	27.1		2463	36.6	31.6	31.8
Yes	851	38.8	32.0	29.2	0.29	786	39.4	34.4	26.2	0.68	1526	32.8	32.1	35.1	<0.01
Respiratory disease^c
No	2722	40.8	33.5	25.7		2610	40.3	33.3	26.4		3376	35.9	32.0	32.1
Yes	356	40.5	33.5	26.0	0.99	392	37.8	32.1	30.1	0.29	613	31.2	30.7	37.1	0.01

ELSA, English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
^aSelf-reported ischemic heart disease or stroke; ^bSelf-reported arthritis: ^cSelf-reported lung disease

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