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Table 4 Association between television viewing time and incident physical function limitations among community-dwelling older adults from two independent cohorts

From: Television viewing time as a risk factor for frailty and functional limitations in older adults: results from 2 European prospective cohorts

  

PCS

Mobility limitations

Agility limitations

Frailty

Study cohort

Tertiles of TV viewing time (h/d)

Mean (SD)

Model 1 Beta (95% CI)

Model 2 Beta (95% CI)

n events/total

Model 1 OR (95% CI)

Model 2 OR (95% CI)

n events/total

Model 1 OR (95% CI)

Model 2 OR (95% CI)

n events/total

Model 1 OR (95% CI)

Model 2 OR (95% CI)

Seniors-ENRICA

 

T1: ≤2 (M and W)

45.8 (12.0)

-

-

236/875

1.00

1.00

341/837

1.00

1.00

49/996

1.00

1.00

 

T2: 2.1-3 (M and W)

45.1 (11.6)

0.37 (-0.63,1.36)

0.04 (-1.08,1.15)

103/356

1.05 (0.79,1.40)

1.00 (0.74,1.34)

163/364

1.12 (0.87,1.45)

1.05 (0.81,1.37)

31/448

1.14 (0.70,1.85)

1.20 (0.73,1.97)

 

T3: >3 (M and W)

41.2 (13.4)

-1.42 (-2.44,-0.41)

-1.66 (-2.81,-0.52)

131/333

1.47 (1.10,1.95)

1.25 (0.93,1.69)

175/316

1.58 (1.21,2.97)

1.40 (1.05,1.86)

57/443

1.91 (1.25,2.92)

1.60 (1.02,2.49)

 

p-trend

 

0.02

0.01

 

0.01

0.19

 

<0.01

0.03

 

<0.01

0.04

 

Per 1 h increase

 

-0.34 (-0.61,-0.08)

-0.41 (-0.70,-0.11)

 

1.10 (1.02,1.18)

1.05 (0.97,1.14)

 

1.09 (1.02,1.18)

1.06 (0.98,1.14)

 

1.17 (1.05-1.29)

1.10 (1.00-1.23)

ELSA

 

T1: ≤3 (M) and ≤3.6 (W)

-

-

-

226/1253

1.00

1.00

233/1201

1.00

1.00

55/1402

1.00

1.00

 

T2: 3-5 (M) and 3.7-5.6 (W)

-

-

-

221/1031

1.13 (0.91,1.41)

1.00 (0.80,1.26)

264/995

1.40 (1.13,1.73)

1.29 (1.03,1.60)

60/1269

1.15 (0.77,1.70)

1.03 (0.68,1.55)

 

T3: >5 (M) and >5.6 (W)

-

-

-

186/794

1.38 (1.10,1.74)

1.14 (0.89,1.45)

210/807

1.36 (1.09,1.71)

1.15 (0.91,1.47)

88/1318

1.74 (1.19,2.53)

1.37 (0.93,2.04)

 

p-trend

    

<0.01

0.32

 

<0.01

0.19

 

<0.01

0.09

 

Per 1 h increase

    

1.03 (1.00,1.05)

1.01 (0.99,1.04)

 

1.03 (1.00,1.05)

1.02 (0.99,1.03)

 

1.02 (0.98,1.06)

1.00 (0.96,1.05)

Random effects meta-analysis

 

T1

   

462/2128

1.00

1.00

574/2038

1.00

1.00

104/2398

1.00

1.00

 

T2

   

324/1387

1.10 (0.92,1.31)

1.00 (0.84,1.20)

427/1359

1.27a(1.02,1.57)

1.18 (0.97,1.44)

91/1717

1.15 (0.84,1.56)

1.10 (0.80,1.51)

 

T3

   

317/1127

1.41 (1.18,1.69)

1.17 (1.00,1.38)

385/1123

1.40 (1.15,1.71)

1.25 (1.03,1.51)

145/1761

1.81 (1.37,2.40)

1.47 (1.09-1.97)

 

p-trend

    

<0.01

0.12

 

<0.01

0.02

 

<0.01

0.03

 

Per 1 h increase

    

1.05 (1.00,1.12)

1.01 (0.99,1.04)

 

1.05 (1.00,1.10)

1.02 (1.00,1.04)

 

1.08 (0.95,1.24)

1.05 (0.95,1.13)

  1. ENRICA, Study on Nutrition and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Spain; ELSA: English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
  2. T: Tertile (T1, T2 and T3: Tertiles 1, 2 and 3)
  3. M: Men; W:Women. OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval
  4. Model 1 was adjusted for age, sex and educational level
  5. Model 2 was adjusted for age, sex, educational level, BMI (<25, 25-29.9, ≥30 kg/m2), tobacco (never, former, current smoker), Mediterranean Diet Adherence Scale (MEDAS) index, total energy intake (kcal/day), physical activity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, respiratory disease and osteo-muscular disease. All linear regression models were also adjusted for the baseline PCS score. Note that in the ELSA study no adjustment was made for the MEDAS index or for energy intake
  6. aI2 > 30%; data should be interpreted with caution. Beta coefficients and their 95% confidence intervals were obtained from multiple lineal regression models. Odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were obtained from multiple logistic regression models
  7. Results from the two cohorts have been pooled using random-effects meta-analysis
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International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1479-5868

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