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Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of mothers participating in selected Demographic and Health Surveys

From: The weight of work: the association between maternal employment and overweight in low- and middle-income countries

   

N (%)a

Country

Year

Nb

Formally Employed (n = 40,723)b,c

Informally Employed (n = 46,970)b,c

≥ Primary Education (n = 81,477)b

Overweight (n = 48,421)b,d

Bangladesh

2011

6224

564 (9.0%)

130 (2.1%)

3929 (63%)

776 (12%)

Benin

2011–12

6372

2658 (42%)

1738 (28%)

999 (16%)

1672 (27%)

Burkina Faso

2010

4204

659 (16%)

2802 (66%)

348 (8.2%)

381 (9.0%)

Cambodia

2014

3477

1527 (43%)

1165 (33%)

1578 (44%)

610 (17%)

Cameroon

2011

2965

962 (32%)

1301 (44%)

1530 (51%)

928 (31%)

Colombiae

2010

11,809

4071 (38%)

2734 (25%)

9386 (87%)

4832 (45%)

Comoros

2012

1468

341 (23%)

286 (19%)

584 (39%)

703 (47%)

Cote d’Ivoire

2011–12

2017

544 (28%)

900 (47%)

355 (19%)

444 (23%)

DRC

2013–14

4293

697 (16%)

2753 (65%)

2014 (48%)

638 (15%)

Dominican Republic

2013

2385

1147 (48%)

227 (10%)

1846 (78%)

1202 (51%)

Egypt

2014

9765

1090 (11%)

238 (2.4%)

7517 (77%)

7762 (80%)

Ethiopia

2011

6095

874 (14%)

2659 (42%)

434 (6.8%)

276 (4.3%)

Ghana

2014

1760

807 (47%)

612 (36%)

998 (59%)

703 (41%)

Guinea

2012

1978

470 (24%)

1120 (57%)

239 (12%)

347 (18%)

Haiti

2012

2879

879 (32%)

845 (30%)

1259 (45%)

734 (26%)

Honduras

2011–12

7368

2262 (32%)

1219 (17%)

4786 (68%)

3684 (53%)

Kyrgyz Republicf

2012

2686

559 (22%)

86 (3.4%)

2261 (89%)

858 (34%)

Lesotho

2014

1034

248 (25%)

153 (15%)

814 (81%)

463 (46%)

Liberia

2013

2110

562 (30%)

610 (32%)

640 (34%)

464 (24%)

Malawi

2010

3026

508 (17%)

1750 (57%)

789 (26%)

502 (16%)

Mali

2012–13

2308

301 (13%)

658 (28%)

220 (9.4%)

382 (16%)

Mozambique

2011

5848

601 (10%)

2296 (38%)

1157 (19%)

812 (13%)

Namibia

2013

1376

440 (34%)

126 (10%)

1012 (79%)

416 (32%)

Nepal

2011

1681

182 (11%)

1073 (62%)

738 (43%)

173 (10%)

Niger

2012

2771

316 (11%)

413 (15%)

172 (6.1%)

504 (18%)

Nigeria

2013

15,052

8243 (54%)

2598 (17%)

7288 (48%)

3772 (25%)

Pakistan

2012–13

2106

292 (14%)

303 (14%)

815 (38%)

711 (33%)

Perug

2012

7202

3267 (49%)

1341 (20%)

5542 (82%)

4041 (60%)

Rwanda

2010

2721

277 (10%)

2210 (80%)

649 (24%)

439 (16%)

Sierra Leone

2013

3194

583 (18%)

2071 (64%)

706 (22%)

520 (16%)

Tajikistan

2012

2957

334 (11%)

496 (16%)

2902 (95%)

845 (28%)

Tanzania

2010

4269

750 (17%)

3103 (71%)

2772 (63%)

821 (19%)

Timor-Leste

2009–10

4724

317 (6.7%)

1478 (31%)

2431 (51%)

281 (5.9%)

Togo

2013–14

2073

1046 (53%)

633 (32%)

638 (32%)

559 (28%)

Uganda

2011

1187

372 (32%)

540 (47%)

419 (36%)

203 (18%)

Yemen

2013

8476

312 (3.7%)

512 (6.1%)

3961 (48%)

2217 (27%)

Zambia

2013–14

7520

1414 (19%)

2915 (39%)

4001 (53%)

1652 (22%)

Zimbabwe

2010–11

3388

522 (15%)

876 (26%)

2931 (87%)

1003 (30%)

Total

162,768

40,998 (25%)

46,970 (29%)

80,659 (50%)

47,330 (29%)

  1. DRC Democratic Republic of Congo
  2. aNumber of observations (percentage) were estimated using the country sample weight
  3. bTotal sample size in each country and by subgroup (e.g. total formally employed) are unweighted
  4. cType of employment was based on 4 following indicators: employment during the last 12 months (yes, no); aggregate occupation category (skilled, unskilled); type of earnings (cash only, cash and in-kind, in-kind only, unpaid); and seasonality of employment (all year, seasonally/occasionally)
  5. dOverweight was defined as BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2
  6. eEmployment type was based on employment status, occupation category and earnings only because seasonality of employment was not queried in this survey
  7. fMaternal education level was dichotomized as < secondary level of education complete and ≥ secondary level of education complete
  8. gEmployment type was based on employment status, type of earnings, and seasonality only because occupation type was not queried in this survey
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International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1479-5868

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