Table 2 Intake of food groups and nutrients and adherence to nutritional recommendations (mPNNS-GS), at baseline
Women (N = 402) | Men (N = 175) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | P-valuea | |
Adherence to nutritional recommendations (mPNNS-GS) b (range 0–13.5) | 8.8 (1.6) | 8.2 (1.7) | <0.001 |
Food groups | |||
Fruit (g/day) | 333.5 (182.9) | 325.1 (202.7) | 0.6 |
Vegetable (g/day) | 264.9 (118.5) | 255.9 (124.6) | 0.4 |
Fish (g/day) | 49.9 (49.7) | 54.6 (52.5) | 0.3 |
Red meat and poultry (g/day) | 66.7 (46.2) | 88.4 (56.0) | <0.0001 |
Processed meat (g/day) | 26.7 (26.7) | 37.9 (37.4) | <0.001 |
Cheese (g/day) | 36.2 (26.4) | 46.8 (33.2) | <0001 |
Starches (pasta, rice, semolina, cereals, potatoes, tubers, bread) (g/day) | 170.1 (90.2) | 233.6 (118.9) | <0.0001 |
Whole-grain products (whole-grain cereals, bread, pasta, rice, flour) (g/day) | 39.5 (45.8) | 47.9 (65.9) | 0.1 |
Fatty and sweet products (g/day) | 74.3 (54.7) | 92.5 (63.0) | <0.01 |
Sweet non-alcoholic beverages (g/day) | 17.2 (41.5) | 24.5 (61.3) | 0.1 |
Butter, margarine (g/day) | 17.4 (15.1) | 18.5 (15.1) | 0.4 |
Dairy products (cheese, milk, yogurt) (g/day) | 180.9 (157.6) | 196.7 (139.2) | 0.3 |
Alcoholic beverages (g/day) | 90.5 (110.2) | 222.8 (232.0) | <0.0001 |
Nutrients | |||
Total energy (kcal/day) | 1811.9 (354.3) | 2290.6 (487.2) | <0.0001 |
Proteins (g/day) | 78.8 (17.8) | 94.7 (20.9) | <0.0001 |
Total carbohydrates (g/day) | 187.1 (45.3) | 232.8 (59.1) | <0.0001 |
Complex carbohydrates (g/day) | 94.0 (30.8) | 127.7 (39.7) | <0.0001 |
Simple carbohydrates (g/day) | 92.6 (28.3) | 104.5 (35.2) | 0.0001 |
Fibre (g/day) | 21.6 (6.7) | 24.0 (8.0) | <0,001 |
Lipids (g/day) | 76.3 (23.5) | 93.3 (29.7) | <0.0001 |
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (g/day) | 11.4 (5.9) | 14.5 (8.7) | <0.0001 |
Monounsaturated fatty acids (g/day) | 28.7 (9.8) | 34.8 (12.5) | <0.0001 |
Saturated fatty acids (g/day) | 30.4 (11.3) | 37.0 (12.3) | <0.0001 |
Cholesterol (mg/day) | 304.9 (125.2) | 360.9 (164.2) | <0.0001 |
Omega 3 (g/day) | 1.6 (0.9) | 1.8 (1.2) | 0.02 |
Omega 6 (g/day) | 9.2 (5.5) | 12.0 (7.9) | <0.0001 |
Calcium (mg/day) | 947.3 (286.5) | 1034.5 (308.0) | 0.001 |
Magnesium (mg/day) | 355.7 (97.9) | 409.1 (127.7) | <0.0001 |
Sodium (g/day) | 2545.7 (736.8) | 3235.6 (973.3) | <0.0001 |
Beta carotene (μg/day) | 4154.2 (2523.9) | 3755.6 (2266.4) | 0.1 |
Folate (μg/day) | 372.0 (116.2) | 385.4 (132.2) | 0.2 |
Vitamin C (mg/day) | 141.9 (122.3) | 134.8 (77.9) | 0.4 |