Fig. 1

a A visual representation of the significant associations between activity-related parenting practices at age 5 and child’s BMI, physical activity and sedentary screen-based behavior development up to age 7. Legend: The direction of the standardized regression coefficient is presented in the figure, only for the third model (adjusted for covariates ‘recruitment group (conventional vs alternative), child gender and birth weight, parental educational level, employment and country of birth’ and in addition for BMI z-score at age 5 in parenting practice-BMI associations, and for either physical activity sedentary screen-based behavior in the parenting practice-physical activity/sedentary screen-based behavior associations; red line: unintended effects, green line: intended effects. b A visual representation of the significant associations between physical activity-related variables at age 5 and activity-related parenting practices development up to age 7. Legend: The direction of the standardized regression coefficient is presented in the figure, only for the third model (adjusted for covariates ‘recruitment group (conventional vs alternative), child gender and birth weight, parental educational level, employment and country of birth’ and in addition for restriction of sedentary screen-based behavior at age 5 in the activity-related variables & BMI-restriction of sedentary screen-based behavior association, and for either stimulation to be active or monitoring activity in the activity-related variables & BMI- stimulation to be active or monitoring activity parenting practice associations; Green line: reinforcing effect, red line: reactance effect