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Table 4 Multivariable mixed effects model examining estimated effect on students’ baseline MVPA and MVPA trajectories adjusting for study condition, student characteristics, and school neighbourhood characteristics

From: Examining the impact of a province-wide physical education policy on secondary students’ physical activity as a natural experiment

Accelerometer data

Fixed effect (95% CI)

P value

Estimated effect on baseline MVPA (minutes/day)

Study condition

 Comparison (Alberta)

Referent

0.0799

 Intervention (Manitoba)

8.23 (−0.98, 17.43)

 

Baseline age

0.58 (−1.83, 2.99)

0.6366

Sex

 Male

Referent

<.0001

 Female

−11.09 (−14.16, −8.02)

 

BMI status

 Healthy weight

Referent

 

 Overweight or obese

0.02 (−4.07, 4.12)

0.9898

 Missing

−0.57 (−5.33, 4.20)

0.8150

School rural/urban

 Urban

Referent

0.5982

 Rural

−1.85 (−8.72, 5.03)

 

School socioeconomic status

  

 High

Referent

0.0048

 Low

−10.24 (−17.35, −3.14)

 

Estimated effect on MVPA trajectories (minutes/day per semester)

Study condition

  

 Comparison

Referent

0.1243

 Intervention

−1.52 (−3.47, 0.42)

 

Baseline age

−0.62 (−1.38, 0.15)

0.1143

Sex

  

 Male

Referent

0.2846

 Female

0.55 (−0.46, 1.57)

 

BMI status

 Healthy weight

Referent

 

 Overweight or obese

−0.40 (−1.83, 1.04)

0.5858

 Missing

−0.18 (−1.42, 1.07)

0.7792

School rural/urban

 Urban

Referent

0.4673

 Rural

0.47 (−0.80, 1.74)

 

School socioeconomic status

 High

Referent

0.0013

 Low

2.13 (0.83, 3.43)

 
  1. Note: Fixed effects of intercepts for each model are not shown. 95% confidence intervals are shown in parentheses. Referent categories are identified as “Referent”