Physical environmental neighbourhood factors b | Physical environmental factors separately (n = 347) | Model 1: Physical environmental factors combined (n = 347) | Model 2: Adjusted for individual factors a (n = 329) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
b (S.E.) c | p | b (S.E.) c | p | b (S.E.) c | p | |
Presence of food outlets and grocery stores | ||||||
Restaurants | 0.36 (1.39) | 0.80 | 1.54 (1.66) | 0.38 | 1.32 (1.74) | 0.47 |
Café/bar | −0.32 (1.59) | 0.84 | - | - | - | - |
Supermarkets | −4.46 (2.71) | 0.11 | −5.77 (3.48) | 0.14 | −4.81 (3.75) | 0.24 |
Local food shops | −1.64 (2.35) | 0.50 | - | - | - | - |
Aesthetics | ||||||
Green/water area | 0.12 (0.20) | 0.54 | 0.09 (0.25) | 0.74 | −0.02 (0.27) | 0.93 |
Residential gardens | 0.02 (0.19) | 0.90 | - | - | - | - |
Litter | 0.13 (0.22) | 0.55 | - | - | - | - |
Presence of public transport | ||||||
Presence of bus/tram stops | −1.93 (1.50) | 0.21 | −0.99 (2.00) | 0.63 | 0.14 (2.13) | 0.95 |
Presence of cycling-related items | ||||||
Presence of bicycle lanes | 0.87 (0.59) | 0.16 | - | - | - | - |
Obstacles on bicycle lanes | −0.97 (0.60) | 0.13 | −0.80 (0.62) | 0.24 | −0.75 (0.66) | 0.30 |
Traffic calming devices | 0.52 (0.26) | 0.06* | 0.58 (0.35) | 0.13 | 0.59 (0.37) | 0.14 |
Presence of walking-related items | ||||||
Pedestrian crossings | 0.43 (0.36) | 0.25 | −0.10 (0.44) | 0.82 | 0.28 (0.48) | 0.59 |
Presence of side walks | −0.20 (0.19) | 0.30 | −0.21 (0.22) | 0.38 | −0.19 (0.24) | 0.45 |
Land-use mix | ||||||
Percentage of residential buildings | 0.07 (0.74) | 0.92 | 0.25 (0.84) | 0.77 | 0.38 (0.88) | 0.68 |
Presence of physical activity facilities | ||||||
Outdoor recreational facilities | 2.84 (2.84) | 0.33 | −3.19 (3.34) | 0.37 | −3.06 (3.58) | 0.42 |
Public parks | −0.72 (0.98) | 0.47 | - | - | - | - |