Table 1 Study characteristics of quantitative studies (NÂ =Â 41)
Author | Study design | Study population | Sample characteristics | Number of participants | Setting, country | Recruitment | Physical activity (PA), Sedentary Behaviours (SB) | Measurement | Quality score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Andersen et al., 2011 [65] | RCT | Pakistani immigrant men | 25–60 years | 150 | Oslo, Norway | Mosques and Muslim festivals | PA | Accelerometer, treadmill, questionnaire | 20/22 |
Andersen et al., 2013 [50] | RCT | Pakistani immigrant men | 25–60 years | 126 | Oslo, Norway | Mosques and Muslim festivals | PA | Accelerometer | 21/24 |
Arvidson et al., 2014 [55] | Cross sectional | Iraqis and Swedes | 30–75 years | 599 Iraqis 553 Swedes | Malmö, Sweden | Randomly selected from the census register | PA | Self-report, accelerometer | 20/22 |
Babakus et al., 2012 [5] | Review | South Asian women | 18Â years and older | 26 quantitative 12 qualitative studies | UK, US, Canada, Australia, Norway, India, New Zealand, Guadeloupe | Various | PA, SB | Various | 18/18 |
Besharat Pour et al., 2014 [77] | Cross sectional | Children of immigrants and Swedish parents | 8Â years | 2589 21.7% one or two immigrant parents | Stockholm, Sweden | Prospective birth cohort study BAMSE | PA | Parental questionnaire | 22/22 |
Dawson et al., 2005 [21] | Cross sectional | Born in Sweden, Western Europe, Finland, Southern Europe, Eastern Europe, other countries | 20–74 years | 7172 men (699 immigrants) 7313 women (799 immigrants) | Sweden | General population | PA | Questionnaire | 21/22 |
De Munter et al., 2012 [67] | Cross sectional | South Asian-Surinamese, African-Surinamese and European-Dutch | 35–60 years | 370 South Asian-Surinamese, 689 African-Surinamese, 567 European-Dutch | Amsterdam, The Netherlands | Random sample from the population register | Leisure-time PA and active commuting | Interview questionnaire, physical examination | 21/22 |
De Munter et al., 2013 [73] | Cross sectional | European, Indian, African-Caribbean | 36–60 years | European (English = 14,723, Dutch = 567), Indian (E = 1264, D = 370), African –Caribbean (E = 1112, D = 689) | Amsterdam, The Netherlands and England | Random sample from the population register | Leisure-time PA | Questionnaire | 19/22 |
Drenowatz, et al., 2013 [56] | Cross sectional | Parent born outside Germany or foreign language spoken during the child’s first years | 8 years | 995 | Southern Germany | Representative sample of children from 32 schools participating in an intervention | PA, physical fitness, sport | General motor abilities test for children. Parental questionnaire for participation in organized sports | 21/22 |
Edwardson et al., 2014 [51] | Cross sectional | General population, multi-ethnic sample of students | 11–14 years | 588 girls 578 boys | The East Midlands, England | Multi-ethnic representative sample of students from 5 schools. Schools recruited based on SES | PA, activity-related social support | Questionnaire | 21/22 |
Garduño-Diaz et al., 2013 [22] | Cross sectional | African-Caribbean, South Asian, Caucasian groups in the UK | 20 years and older | 210 | Leeds, England | Random sample - three area codes in Leeds | PA | Questionnaire | 20/22 |
Gele et al., 2013 [62] | Cross sectional | Somali immigrants | 25Â years and older | 115 women 93 men | Oslo, Norway | Non-random snowball sampling | PA | Questionnaire | 21/22 |
Gualdi-Russo et al., 2014 [4] | Review | North African children living in their home countries or as immigrants in Europe | 0–21 years | Various | European countries | Various | PA | Various | 17/20 |
Hansen et al., 2008 [72] | Cross sectional | Non-Western immigrants with Danish citizenship compared with citizens with Danish background | 25–64 years | 135 (Turkey, Bosnia, Sri Lanka, Iran, Lebanon, Vietnam, Pakistan, Palestine, India, Croatia, Egypt) | Denmark | Based on National Health Interview Survey 2005 | PA, SB |  | 20/22 |
Hayes et al., 2002 [61] | Cross sectional | European, Indian, Pakistani and Bangladeshi residents | General population, 25–75 years | 825 Europeans, 684 Indian, Pakistani or Bangladeshi | Newcastle upon Tyne, England | Random selection | PA, SB | Questionnaire | 20/22 |
Hermansen et al., 2002 [66] | Cross sectional | People of Norse and Sami origin (indigenous) | All residents, 40–62 years | 860 women 866 men of Sami origin 3948 women 4105 men of Norse origin | Finnmark county, Norway | Invited by personal letter with questionnaire | PA, leisure-time and work | Questionnaire | 20/22 |
Hornby-Turner et al., 2014 [24] | Cross sectional | British-Pakistani and White British girls | 9–11 years | 70 White British 75 British Pakistani (+ parents of 19 girls) | North East England | Approached 8 primary schools. Parents of participating children asked by letter to participate in interview | PA, SB | Questionnaire, PA interview, Accelerometer | 19/22 |
Hosper et al., 2007 [59] | Cross sectional | First and second generation Turkish young people | 15–30 years | 249 women 236 men | Amsterdam, The Netherlands | Random sample drawn from Amsterdam population registry | Leisure-time PA | Structured interview, Questionnaire | 20/22 |
Hosper et al., 2008 [53] | Cross sectional | Turkish and Moroccan women | 15–30 years | 258 Turkish 170 Moroccan women | Amsterdam, The Netherlands | Random sample drawn from the Amsterdam population registry | PA, sport, leisure-time PA | Questionnaire | 21/22 |
Jönsson et al., 2012 [71] | Cross sectional | Women living in Sweden (born in Finland, Chile and Iraq) | 18–65 years | 1651 women | Stockholm and Botkyrka, Sweden | Random sample drawn from the population registers | Leisure-time PA | Postal questionnaire | 20/22 |
Khunti et al., 2007 [29] | Cross sectional | 5 schools | 11–15 years | 3601 | Leicester, England | Representative sample through schools | PA | Questionnaire | 20/22 |
Koca et al., 2014 [30] | Cross sectional | Turkish migrants in Germany and England | Adults, (first, second, third generation) | Germany: 140 women 126 men England: 125 women 125 men | Frankfurt, Germany, London, UK | Convenience sample. Recruited from migrant organizations | PA level | Questionnaire, face-to-face interview | 20/22 |
Kumanyika et al., 2012 [57] | Review | African descent populations in English-speaking countries, other ethnic minority populations | Â | Â | U.S, New Zealand, Canada and Europe | Â | PA resources, facilities, opportuni-ties | Interdisciplinary group discussions | 15/18 |
Kumar et al., 2006 [69] | Cross sectional | Ethnic minority groups (born in Turkey, Iran, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Vietnam) | Born in 1942–1970 | 1320 women 1679 men | Oslo, Norway | 2001 population registry - invited to participate | Leisure-time PA | Health questionnaire, clinical screening | 20/22 |
Lecerof et al., 2011 [63] | Cross sectional | Recently settled Iraqi migrants in Sweden | 18–64 years | 306 women 273 men | Sweden | All adults born in Iraq who were registered in 8 counties (Dec 2007 – Feb 2008) | PA | Postal questionnaire | 19/20 |
Lindström et al., 2001 [44] | Cross sectional | Malmö general population (83 different countries of origin) | 20–80 years | 1916 women 1872 men | Malmö, Sweden | Random sample. General population in 1994 (born in 1913, 1923, 1933, 1943, 1953, 1963, 1968, 1973) | Leisure-time PA | Postal questionnaire | 20/20 |
Magnusson et al., 2005 [64] | Cross sectional | Children in grades 5 and 6 | 11–12 years | 108 | Community (6700 inhabitants) near Gothenburg, Sweden | All children in grades 5 and 6 at a Swedish school | PA, exercise | Questionnaire, individual interview | 19/22 |
Me’jean et al., 2009 [74] | Retrospective cohort study | Tunisian migrant men | Mean 50 years | 150 men | South France | Quota sampling based on age and place of residence | PA | Interview, questionnaire | 22/22 |
Molaodi et al., 2012 [80] | Environment - modelling | White British, Black Africans, Black Caribbean, Indians, Pakistanis, Bangladeshis, Chinese and Irish | Deprived areas | Â | UK | Â | Physical activity facilities | Lists from Sport England | 21/22 |
Nielsen et al., 2013 [60] | Cross sectional | Children with other ethnic background than Danish | Pre-school age and same children in third grade | Preschool 67 other ethnic background of 594; third grade 58 of 518 | Taarnby and Ballerup, Copenhagen | Children from 18 schools in Taarnby and Ballerup were invited | Habitual PA | Accelerometer, parental questionnaire | 22/22 |
Nilsson et al., 2011 [76] | Cohort study | Elderly Sami | 60 years and older | 9 women 11 men 81 reindeer-herding and 226 non-reindeer-herding Sami | Southern Lapland. Västerbotten county | Suggested by local associations, invited by posted letter. Västerbotten intervention project cohorts 40, 50, 60 years | PA | Semi-structured interviews, questionnaire | 22/22 |
Owen et al., 2009 [33] | Cross sectional | British children of South Asian, black African-Caribbean and white European origin | 9–10 years | N = 1841 (562 white Europeans, 494 South Asians, 607 African-Caribbeans, 408 other ethnic groups) | London, Birmingham, Leicester, UK | Random samples (all state primary schools in London, Birmingham and Leicester with 15–50% pupils of White European origin) | PA | Accelerometer | 22/22 |
Pudaric et al., 2000 [35] | Cross sectional | Elderly foreign-born persons | 55–74 years | 159 women 94 men | Sweden | Random sample drawn from Swedish Population Registry | PA | Face-to-face interview | 22/22 |
Reijneveld et al., 2003 [36] | RCT | Turkish immigrants | 45Â years and older | 41 women 51 men | The Netherlands - 6 cities | Welfare services | PA | Self-report | 19/24 |
Sagatun et al., 2008 [37] | Longitudinal | 10th grade in Oslo in 1999–2001 | 15–16 years (follow up 18–19 years) | 1377 girls 1112 boys | Oslo, Norway | All students in grade 10 | Leisure-time PA | Questionnaire | 21/22 |
Saris et al., 2013 [68] | Cross sectional | Adults in deprived neighbourhoods (39.7% migrants - mainly non-Western) | 18Â years and older | 337 women 285 men | The Netherlands | Randomly selected adults in 20 most deprived neighbourhoods | Active transport | Questionnaire, interview | 22/22 |
Södergren et al., 2010 [46] | Cross sectional | Women born in Sweden, Finland, Chile and Iraq | 18–65 years | 2649 women | Stockholm, Sweden | Random sample from population registers in 2 municipalities of Stockholm | PA | Postal questionnaire | 20/22 |
van Rossem et al., 2012 [75] | Cohort | Children at age 3 enrolled in a birth cohort |  | 2351 girls 2337 boys | Rotterdam, The Netherlands | All pregnant mothers with expected delivery April 2002–January 2006 | PA, SB | Parental questionnaire | 19/22 |
Walseth et al., 2004 [42] | Review | Minority women | Â | Â | Â | Â | Sport | Â | 11? |
Williams et al., 2010 [70] | Cross sectional | South Asian and White | 18–55 years | 5421 South Asian 8974 White | UK |  | PA Leisure activities/sports, domestic activities, walking |  | 20/20 |
Yates et al., 2010 [54] | Cross sectional | White European and South Asians | White European: 40–75 years South Asians: 25–75 years | White European: 2277 women 2033 men South Asians: 560 women 604 men | Leicester, UK | Primary care | PA | Questionnaire | 21/22 |