Table 5 Quality assessment of included studies
Paper | Selection bias | Study design | Confounders | Blinding | Data collection methods | Withdrawals & dropouts | Overall |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Goh et al., 2016 | moderate | moderate | strong | moderate | moderate | weak | MODERATE |
Beck et al., 2016 | moderate | strong | strong | moderate | weak | strong | MODERATE |
De Greeff et al., 2016 | moderate | strong | strong | moderate | strong | moderate | STRONG |
Altenburg et al., 2016 | weak | strong | strong | moderate | strong | weak | WEAK |
Mead et al., 2016 | weak | strong | weak | moderate | weak | weak | WEAK |
Mullender Wijnsma et al., 2016 | moderate | strong | weak | weak | strong | strong | WEAK |
Van den berg et al., 2016 | weak | strong | strong | moderate | moderate | weak | WEAK |
Grieco et al., 2016 | moderate | strong | weak | strong | moderate | weak | WEAK |
Carlson et al., 2015 | moderate | weak | weak | weak | strong | strong | WEAK |
Ma et al., 2015 | moderate | moderate | strong | moderate | strong | weak | MODERATE |
Ma et al., 2014 | moderate | moderate | strong | moderate | moderate | strong | STRONG |
Howie et al., 2014 | moderate | moderate | strong | moderate | strong | weak | MODERATE |
Howie et al., 2015 | moderate | moderate | strong | moderate | strong | weak | MODERATE |
Janssen et al., 2014 | weak | moderate | strong | moderate | strong | weak | MODERATE |
Wilson et al., 2015 | moderate | moderate | strong | moderate | weak | weak | WEAK |
Hill et al., 2011 | moderate | moderate | strong | strong | weak | strong | MODERATE |
Hill et al., 2010 | moderate | moderate | strong | strong | weak | weak | WEAK |
Ahamed et al., 2007 | moderate | strong | strong | moderate | weak | weak | WEAK |
Whitt-Glover et al., 2011 | moderate | strong | weak | moderate | weak | strong | WEAK |
Uhrich & Swarm., 2007 | moderate | strong | weak | moderate | strong | weak | WEAK |
Katz et al., 2010 | moderate | strong | weak | moderate | weak | weak | WEAK |
Lisahunter et al., 2014 | weak | strong | weak | moderate | strong | weak | WEAK |
Bernard et al., 2014 | moderate | strong | weak | moderate | strong | strong | MODERATE |
Fedewa et al., 2015 | weak | strong | weak | moderate | strong | strong | WEAK |
Erwin et al., 2013 | moderate | strong | weak | moderate | strong | strong | MODERATE |
Grieco et al., 2009 | moderate | moderate | strong | moderate | moderate | weak | MODERATE |
Mahar et al., 2006 | moderate | strong | weak | moderate | moderate | weak | WEAK |
Bailey & DiPerna., 2015 | moderate | moderate | strong | moderate | weak | weak | WEAK |
Vazou et al., 2012 | moderate | moderate | strong | moderate | strong | weak | MODERATE |
McCrady-Spitzer et al., 2015 | weak | moderate | strong | moderate | strong | strong | MODERATE |
Norris et al., 2015 | moderate | strong | strong | moderate | weak | weak | WEAK |
Mullender Wijnsma et al., 2015a | moderate | moderate | strong | moderate | moderate | weak | MODERATE |
Mullender Wijnsma et al., 2015b | moderate | strong | weak | moderate | moderate | weak | WEAK |
Graham et al., 2014 | weak | strong and moderate | weak | moderate | weak | weak | WEAK |
Riley et al., 2014 | moderate | strong | weak | weak | weak | strong | WEAK |
Riley et al., 2015 | moderate | strong | strong | weak | weak | strong | WEAK |
Donnelly et al., 2009 | moderate | strong | strong | moderate | strong | strong | STRONG |
Reed et al., 2010 | weak | strong | weak | moderate | strong | weak | WEAK |
Schmidt et al., 2016 | moderate | strong | strong | moderate | strong | weak | MODERATE |