From: The international food unit: a new measurement aid that can improve portion size estimation
Food (portion size) | Total (NÂ =Â 128) | Measuring cup (NÂ =Â 36) | IFUâ„¢ (NÂ =Â 31) | Modelling clay (NÂ =Â 31) | No aid (NÂ =Â 30) | F-Test | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | Mdn | IQR | Mdn | IQR | Mdn | IQR | Mdn | IQR | Mdn | IQR | H(3) |
Bread | −2.6 | 71.8 | 12.2 | 92.1 | −17.8 | 61.6 | −1.4 | 41.1 | −24.9 | 87.1 | 3.25 |
Pasta | 80.4 | 142.9 | 132.3a | 101.0 | 55.0b,c | 103.4 | 106.7a,b | 118.9 | 4.9c | 100.1 | 33.22** |
Rice (medium) | 17.6 | 81.9 | 38.4 | 57.7 | −11.5 | 59.0 | 6.3 | 73.8 | 25.5 | 120.8 | 11.47 |
Mixed vegetables | 74.2 | 93.6 | 119.3a | 109.6 | 49.8b | 74.9 | 68.5b | 112.3 | 72.9b | 152.3 | 24.01** |
Potatoes | 32.9 | 88.1 | 81.3a | 93.3 | 32.5b,c | 66.3 | 45.8a,b | 66.3 | −11.1c | 67.8 | 32.30** |
Lettuce | 152.5 | 297.4 | 294.7a | 302.6 | 168.8b | 201.6 | 168.8b | 201.6 | −55.6c | 44.4 | 68.96** |
Strawberry | 39.9 | 104.9 | 95.9a | 135.1 | 32.9b,c | 87.4 | 74.8a,b | 69.9 | 27.3c | 97.7 | 16.82* |
Nectarine | −10.7 | 58.7 | 38.1a | 52.9 | −29.3b | 21.2 | −5.7c | 47.1 | −28.8b,c | 57.4 | 34.84** |
Apple | −12.5 | 48.6 | 11.6a | 33.5 | −37.1b | 28.6 | −24.0b,c | 35.7 | 2.0a,c | 71.4 | 33.39** |
Steak | 53.5 | 90.3 | 113.2a | 146.6 | 25.6b | 54.6 | 50.2a,b | 65.5 | 23.4b | 84.7 | 17.09* |
Chicken (medium) | 73.3 | 122.9 | 116.6a | 86.7 | 33.2b | 72.1 | 33.2b | 44.4 | 107.5a | 176.6 | 29.43** |
Nuts & dried fruit | 4.9 | 69.8 | 11.5 | 74.3 | −4.7 | 71.5 | −4.7 | 42.9 | 50.0 | 103.8 | 8.85 |
Milk | 5.5 | 32.2 | 17.2a | 23.4 | −9.9b | 18.8 | 2.1a | 36.0 | 13.8a | 45.5 | 24.50** |
Grated cheese | −7.9 | 58.8 | 20.2 | 31.3 | −26.3 | 46.1 | −26.3 | 43.0 | 0.7 | 73.8 | 10.75 |
Cake | 29.8 | 69.7 | 35.1a | 42.2 | −13.5b | 47.6 | 29.8a | 62.7 | 21.2a,b | 148.5 | 21.56** |
Chocolate | 33.8 | 108.7 | 101.3a | 129.9 | 3.7b,c | 66.9 | 67.2a,b | 133.8 | −8.5c | 76.2 | 22.17** |
French fries (medium) | 79.9 | 109.1 | 129.3a | 89.9 | 61.0b | 92.0 | 84.0a,b | 115.0 | 48.8b | 120.0 | 20.08** |
All foods | 44.1 | 69.7 | 87.7a | 56.1 | 18.9b | 50.2 | 44.8b | 41.9 | 23.5b | 79.8 | 28.48** |