Table 1 Examples of measures for assessing constructs

 Demographics

Sex^a

Age/Date of Birth^a

Socioeconomic Status: Educational attainment^a

Number of people in household^a

Health status^a

 Advocacy Skills

Social Issues Advocacy Scale (SIAS) [75] ^a

 Empowerment

Personal Empowerment Scale [76]^a

 Civic Engagement

Volunteer experience [77]^a

Civic engagement scale (adolescents) [78]^a

 Self-efficacy

The Older Adults’ Computer Technology Attitudes Scale [52]^a

Computer Use Self Efficacy Scale [53]^{a, d}

Self-efficacy for Exercise Scale [79]^a

 Health Behavior

Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors (CHAMPS) questionnaire for midlife and older adults [80]^a

International Physical Activity Questionnaire version for ages 15–65 years (IPAQ; 54) [81]^a

Accelerometry & related device-based assessment tools [82]^a

 Social Norms

Injunctive Norms [83]^a

 Neighborhood Cohesion

Neighborhood cohesion [84]^a

Social Network Analysis [28]^b

 Urban/Rural

e.g., U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention classification of counties (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data_access/urban_rural.htm)^b

 Poverty

e.g., English Indices of Deprivation (https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/english-indices-of-deprivation-2015)^b

 Safety

Perceived neighborhood safety ([85])^a

Neighborhood Incivilities From the Neighborhood Inventory of Environmental Typology (NlfETy) [86]^b

 Weather/Air Quality

Ambient temperatures^b

Ambient fine particulate matter^b

Historical weather data2 (e.g., Environment Canada: http://climate.weather.gc.ca/index_e.html) ^b

 Walkability

Abbreviated Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale; ANEWS [59]^a

 Public Transport

e.g., Walking distance to a transit stop/station from residential address is less than 400 m for bus stop or train or less than 800 m to train/rail station access [58]

 Allocation of Resources

New funds allocated to environmental resources to support PA^c

 Zoning

Number of changes to zoning ordinances designed to promote environmental support for PA^c

 Community Engagement in Government

Proportion of residents actively participating in local government meetings^c

Office-holders’ perceived level of impact that residents have on local government decisions^c

 Intervention components

Fidelity of intervention^c

 Acceptability of intervention components

Satisfaction with the intervention^a,c

 Intervention Reach

Awareness of the intervention^a,c