| |
Entire sample
|
Normal weight
|
Overweight
|
Obese
|
P
|
Non-insulin resistant
|
Insulin resistant
|
P
|
|---|
|
n
|
396
|
79
|
189
|
128
| |
293
|
97
| |
|
Age (years)
|
59.58 ± 5.46
|
58.51 ± 5.43
|
59.73 ± 5.45
|
59.58 ± 5.43
|
0.13
|
59.49 ± 5.48
|
59.83 ± 5.44
|
0.61
|
|
Male (%)
|
46
|
64.6
|
54.5
|
46.9
|
0.046
|
41.7
|
56.7
|
0.01
|
|
BMI (kg/m2)
|
28.86 ± 4.55
|
23.25 ± 1.54
|
27.77 ± 1.35
|
33.95 ± 3.61
|
0.000
|
27.54 ± 3.61
|
32.85 ± 4.86
|
0.000
|
|
Waist (cm)
|
96.27 ± 13.39
|
82.80 ± 8.24
|
93.51 ± 0.00
|
108.70 ± 10.85
|
0.000
|
92.56 ± 12.04
|
107.29 ± 11.29
|
0.000
|
|
HOMA-IR
|
2.96 ± 3.25
|
1.49 ± 0.95
|
2.14 ± 1.50
|
5.11 ± 4.72
|
0.000
|
1.68 ± 0.80
|
6.87 ± 4.56
|
0.000
|
|
Inflammatory profiles
|
|
C3 (mg/dL)
|
136.40 (120.30, 152.09)
|
115.68 (108.12, 138.27)
|
134.72 (121.63, 149.40)
|
147.60 (132.70, 166.90)
|
0.000
|
130.89 (115.87, 145.20)
|
152.52 (137.23,173.53)
|
0.000
|
|
CRP (ng/mL)
|
1.35 (0.99, 2.36)
|
1.02 (0.78, 1.55)
|
1.34 (1.03, 2.21)
|
1.68 (1.10, 3.06)
|
0.000
|
1.29 (0.97, 1.90)
|
1.95 (1.16, 3.34)
|
0.000
|
|
IL-6 (pg/mL)
|
1.78 (1.19, 2.97)
|
1.30 (0.90, 2.06))
|
1.67 (1.13, 2.62)
|
2.42 (1.63, 3.76)
|
0.000
|
1.53 (1.09, 2.53)
|
2.54 (1.69, 3.78)
|
0.000
|
|
TNF(pg/mL)
|
5.86 (4.73, 7.18)
|
5.67 (4.40, 7.10)
|
5.79 (4.67, 7.04)
|
6.05 (4.94, 7.82)
|
0.140
|
5.55 (4.59, 6.80)
|
6.89 (5.66, 8.65)
|
0.000
|
|
Leptin (ng/mL)
|
2.03 (1.25, 3.16)
|
1.38 (0.75, 2.00)
|
2.00 (1.14, 2.75)
|
3.01 (1.90, 4.87)
|
0.000
|
1.89 (1.14, 2.74)
|
2.78 (1.55,4.92)
|
0.001
|
|
ACDC (ng/mL)
|
4.86 (2.86, 7.54)
|
7.46 (3.89, 10.27)
|
5.03 (3.17, 7.65)
|
3.80 (2.45, 5.81)
|
0.000
|
5.48 (3.43, 8.24)
|
3.20 (2.25, 4.73)
|
0.000
|
|
Resistin (ng/mL)
|
4.95 (3.85, 6.54)
|
4.66 (3.68, 5.79)
|
4.85 (3.87, 6.55)
|
5.20 (3.99, 6.94)
|
0.019
|
4.79 (3.71, 6.31)
|
5.49 (4.39, 7.61)
|
0.007
|
|
PAI-1 (ng/mL)
|
25.53 (18.68, 33.31)
|
21.80 (16.13, 29.69)
|
24.27 (18.60, 33.34)
|
28.55 (19.98, 37.67)
|
0.005
|
23.24 (17.35, 31.17)
|
31.76 (24.49, 40.16)
|
0.000
|
|
WBC (109/L)
|
5.60 (4.80, 6.70)
|
5.30 (4.40, 6.40)
|
5.50 (4.80, 6.50)
|
6.00 (5.30, 7.50)
|
0.011
|
4.60 (5.50, 6.50)
|
6.30 (5.40, 7.50)
|
0.000
|
|
Physical activity (mins per week)
|
|
Sedentary
|
909 (853, 971)
|
894 (844, 970)
|
905 (843, 951)
|
945 (879, 991)
|
0.003
|
898 (840, 957)
|
952 (891, 994)
|
<0.0001
|
|
Light
|
103 (69, 135)
|
107 (68, 134)
|
108 (78, 138)
|
91 (58, 127)
|
0.04
|
109 (75, 141)
|
85 (55, 119)
|
0.0001
|
|
MVPA
|
62 (32, 103)
|
70 (42, 110)
|
67 (38, 104)
|
45 (23, 80)
|
0.0008
|
69 (38, 107)
|
45 (22, 68)
|
0.0001
|
- Values are presented as mean ± S.D., %, and median (25th, 75th percentiles). ANOVA, t-tests and non-parametric tests were used to compare mean, % and median values, respectively, in subgroups according to BMI and HOMA-IR cut-offs. ACDC adiponectin, C3 Complement component C3, CRP C reactive protein, IL6 interleukin 6, PAI-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, TNF-α tumour necrosis factor α, WBC White blood cell
