Associations of the perceived and objective neighborhood environment with physical activity and sedentary time in New Zealand adolescents

Table 5 GIS measures of the built environment

Measure	Calculation
Gross residential density	Dividing number of residential dwellings obtained from the 2013 New Zealand census by the area of the buffer
Street intersection density	Dividing the number of 3 or more-way intersections derived from the walkable road network by the area of the buffer
Cul-de-sac density	Dividing the culs-de-sac derived from the walkable road network by the area of the buffer
Transit stop density	Number of transit stops (bus, train, and ferry in Auckland, and bus and train in Wellington) by the area of the buffer
Number of parks	Contained in or intersected by the buffer were calculated using park data source from territorial authorities
Land use mix^a	Land use mix for each buffer was calculated using an entropy formula [89]

^aThe parcel level land use data used to calculate land use mix was compiled from a variety of sources: territorial authority zoning data, territorial authority points of interest data sourced in 2013/2014 (e.g., parks, libraries), and Zenbu online business directory data extracted in 2014

ISSN: 1479-5868