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Table 3 Mental health (anxiety, cognition, depression, sleep/energy) variables as mediators in the association between chronic conditions (multimorbidity) and highly sedentary behavior among adults aged ≥50 years

From: Physical chronic conditions, multimorbidity and sedentary behavior amongst middle-aged and older adults in six low- and middle-income countries

  

Total effect

Direct effect

Indirect effect

 

Exposure

Mediator

OR [95% CI]

P-value

OR [95% CI]

P-value

OR [95% CI]

P-value

% Mediated

Arthritis

Anxiety

1.22 [1.04,1.45]

0.017

1.21 [1.03,1.43]

0.023

1.01 [1.00,1.02]

0.064

NA

Cognition

1.23 [1.04,1.46]

0.014

1.15 [0.97,1.37]

0.108

1.07 [1.04,1.10]

<0.001

32.8

Depression

1.22 [1.04,1.45]

0.018

1.21 [1.02,1.43]

0.030

1.02 [1.01,1.03]

0.003

7.7

Sleep/energy

1.23 [1.04,1.45]

0.017

1.11 [0.94,1.31]

0.225

1.11 [1.07,1.14]

<0.001

49.1

Asthma

Anxiety

1.38 [1.06,1.81]

0.017

1.30 [0.99,1.70]

0.059

1.06 [1.03,1.10]

<0.001

19.3

Cognition

1.40 [1.07,1.83]

0.014

1.27 [0.97,1.66]

0.082

1.10 [1.06,1.14]

<0.001

28.7

Depression

1.39 [1.06,1.81]

0.016

1.33 [1.02,1.74]

0.036

1.04 [1.02,1.07]

0.003

13.2

Sleep/energy

1.38 [1.07,1.79]

0.014

1.21 [0.93,1.56]

0.155

1.15 [1.10,1.20]

<0.001

42.3

Chronic back pain

Anxiety

1.71 [1.36,2.14]

<0.001

1.61 [1.28,2.03]

<0.001

1.06 [1.03,1.09]

<0.001

10.6

Cognition

1.74 [1.38,2.18]

<0.001

1.48 [1.18,1.86]

0.001

1.17 [1.12,1.23]

<0.001

28.7

Depression

1.71 [1.37,2.14]

<0.001

1.65 [1.32,2.07]

<0.001

1.03 [1.01,1.06]

0.003

6.2

Sleep/energy

1.70 [1.36,2.13]

<0.001

1.50 [1.19,1.89]

0.001

1.13 [1.08,1.18]

<0.001

23.6

Chronic lung disease

Anxiety

1.48 [1.18,1.85]

0.001

1.39 [1.11,1.74]

0.005

1.07 [1.04,1.10]

<0.001

16.4

Cognition

1.48 [1.19,1.84]

<0.001

1.33 [1.07,1.66]

0.011

1.11 [1.08,1.15]

<0.001

27.6

Depression

1.48 [1.19,1.85]

0.001

1.43 [1.15,1.79]

0.001

1.03 [1.01,1.05]

0.002

8.2

Sleep/energy

1.49 [1.19,1.85]

<0.001

1.32 [1.06,1.65]

0.013

1.13 [1.08,1.17]

<0.001

29.9

Hearing problems

Anxiety

1.58 [1.24,2.03]

<0.001

1.54 [1.21,1.97]

0.001

1.03 [1.00,1.05]

0.036

6.0

Cognition

1.60 [1.24,2.05]

<0.001

1.36 [1.06,1.75]

0.015

1.17 [1.12,1.22]

<0.001

33.4

Depression

1.57 [1.22,2.02]

0.001

1.57 [1.21,2.02]

0.001

1.00 [0.99,1.02]

0.842

NA

Sleep/energy

1.59 [1.24,2.05]

<0.001

1.50 [1.17,1.94]

0.002

1.06 [1.03,1.09]

<0.001

12.2

Stroke

Anxiety

2.02 [1.52,2.69]

<0.001

1.97 [1.48,2.61]

<0.001

1.03 [1.00,1.06]

0.054

NA

Cognition

2.03 [1.56,2.66]

<0.001

1.75 [1.33,2.29]

<0.001

1.16 [1.11,1.23]

<0.001

21.5

Depression

2.03 [1.54,2.66]

<0.001

2.00 [1.52,2.63]

<0.001

1.01 [1.00,1.03]

0.112

NA

Sleep/energy

2.03 [1.56,2.64]

<0.001

1.90 [1.46,2.48]

<0.001

1.07 [1.03,1.11]

<0.001

9.3

Visual impairment

Anxiety

2.64 [1.75,3.99]

<0.001

2.10 [1.38,3.21]

0.001

1.26 [1.13,1.39]

<0.001

23.5

Cognition

2.66 [1.73,4.10]

<0.001

1.97 [1.27,3.06]

0.002

1.35 [1.23,1.48]

<0.001

30.7

Depression

2.60 [1.73,3.91]

<0.001

2.43 [1.62,3.65]

<0.001

1.07 [1.02,1.12]

0.009

6.9

Sleep/energy

2.64 [1.75,3.99]

<0.001

2.29 [1.51,3.47]

<0.001

1.15 [1.08,1.23]

<0.001

14.6

Multimorbiditya

Anxiety

1.41 [1.20,1.67]

<0.001

1.36 [1.15,1.60]

<0.001

1.04 [1.02,1.06]

<0.001

11.5

Cognition

1.40 [1.19,1.65]

<0.001

1.24 [1.05,1.47]

0.012

1.12 [1.09,1.16]

<0.001

35.0

Depression

1.41 [1.19,1.66]

<0.001

1.37 [1.16,1.62]

<0.001

1.03 [1.01,1.04]

0.001

7.5

Sleep/energy

1.40 [1.19,1.66]

<0.001

1.23 [1.05,1.45]

0.012

1.14 [1.09,1.19]

<0.001

38.1

  1. Abbreviation: OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval
  2. Highly sedentary behavior referred to being sedentary for ≥8 h/day
  3. Models are adjusted for sex, age, education, wealth, setting, unemployment, living arrangement, and country. For individual chronic conditions, the models were also adjusted for the presence of other chronic conditions
  4. The mediated percentage was only calculated in the presence of a significant indirect effect (P < 0.05)
  5. aMultimorbidity was defined as ≥2 chronic conditions