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Table 1 Characteristics of the study sample by age

From: Describing objectively measured physical activity levels, patterns, and correlates in a cross sectional sample of infants and toddlers from South Africa

 

3mo (n = 32)

6mo (n = 31)

12mo (n = 31)

18mo (n = 18)

24mo (n = 28)

Infant sex (% boys)a

14 (44)

21 (68)

15 (48)

10 (56)

14 (50)

Infant weight (kg)b

5.8 (0.8)

7.7 (1.2)

9.0 (1.0)

9.9 (1.5)

10.8 (1.2)

Infant length (cm)b

58.7 (5.1)

65.0 (2.7)

72.9 (3.6)

79.3 (4.3)

82.3 (3.9)

Infant BMI z scoreb

0.2(2.5)

0.6 (1.6)

0.3 (1.3)

−0.3 (1.6)

0.2 (1.0)

Attainment of milestones at given agea

  Holding head

21 (66)

NA

NA

NA

NA

  Rolling

NA

13 (42)

NA

NA

NA

  Sitting

NA

16 (52)

NA

NA

NA

  Crawling

NA

7 (23)

16 (52)

NA

NA

  Pulling up

NA

NA

14 (45)

NA

NA

  Walking

NA

NA

9 (29)

6 (33)

28 (100)

  Running

NA

NA

NA

4 (22)

NA

Maternal BMI (kg/m2)b

28.5 (9.1)

27.8 (6.7)

29.5 (7.0)

27.5 (8.0)

27.3 (6.7)

Maternal age (years)b

27 (5)

31 (6)

29 (5)

32 (6)

29 (7)

Infant PA (mg)c

23 (17–28)

30 (24–34)

36 (30–39)

39 (35–45)

44 (37–51)

Home Environment (score/48)b

24 (8)

20 (4)

21 (5)

24 (5)

NA

Maternal Beliefs (score/4)a

  PA Knowledge

NA

1.4 (0.3)

1.4 (0.3)

NA

NA

  PA views

NA

1.7 (0.5)

1.9 (0.6)

NA

NA

  Negative PA views

NA

3.0 (0.5)

2.8 (0.6)

NA

NA

  PA optimism

NA

1.4 (0.4)

1.5 (0.5)

NA

NA

  Future expectations

NA

2.5 (0.8)

2.6 (0.7)

NA

NA

  Floor play concerns

NA

3.0 (0.8)

3.0 (0.6)

NA

NA

  Self efficacy

NA

1.4 (0.3)

1.5 (0.4)

NA

NA

  1. BMI - body mass index, PA - physical activity. At 24-months, all toddlers were assumed to be walking although not specifically reported at this time-point
  2. NA Indicates that data was not acquired at the specific age
  3. an(%)
  4. bAll data are presented as mean(SD)
  5. cor median(IQR)