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Table 3 Adjusted mean frequency for consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and artificially sweetened beverages (times/week) according to time, gender, grade level and the different indicators of socioeconomic status

From: Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and artificially sweetened beverages from childhood to adulthood in relation to socioeconomic status – 15 years follow-up in Norway

 

2001

 

2005

 

2016

 

Interaction

SES*TIME

In total

  

Mean

CI 95%

Mean

CI 95%

Mean

CI 95%

p-value

Mean

CI 95%

p-valueb

Sugar-sweetened beverages

2.8

(2.5;3.0)

2.5

(2.3;2.8)

1.3

(1.1;1.5)

< 0.001 a

   

 Parental education 2001

      

0.389

  

0.001

  High

2.6

(2.2;2.9)

2.1

(1.8;2.5)

1.0

(0.7;1.3)

 

1.9

(1.6;2.1)

 

  Low

3.0

(2.6;3.2)

2.8

(2.5;3.2)

1.4

(1.1;1.6)

 

2.4

(2.1;2.6)

  Difference

0.4

 

0.7

 

0.4

  

0.5

 

 Educational intentions 2005

      

0.580

  

< 0.001

  High

2.5

(2.2;2.8)

2.2

(1.9;2.5)

1.0

(0.8;1.3)

 

1.9

(1.7;2.1)

 

  Low

3.0

(2.7;3.4)

2.8

(2.5;3.3)

1.5

(1.2;1.8)

 

2.5

(2.2;2.7)

  Difference

0.5

 

0.6

 

0.5

  

0.6

 

 Education 2016

      

0.148

  

< 0.001

  High

2.7

(2.4;2.9)

2.3

(2.1;2.6)

1.0

(0.7;1.2)

 

2.0

(1.8;2.2)

 

  Low

3.1

(2.8;3.5)

2.9

(2.5;3.3)

1.9

(1.6;2.2)

 

2.7

(2.4;2.9)

  Difference

0.4

 

0.6

 

0.9

  

0.7

 

 Household income 2001

      

0.636

  

0.177

  High

2.6

(2.3;3.0)

2.4

(2.1;2.8)

1.0

(0.7;1.3)

 

2.0

(1.7;2.3)

 

  Low

2.9

(2.5;3.3)

2.5

(2.1;2.8)

1.3

(1.0;1.6)

 

2.2

(2.0;2.5)

  Difference

0.3

 

0.1

 

0.3

  

0.2

 

 Income 2016

      

0.187

  

0.038

  High

2.7

(2.4;3.0)

2.5

(2.1;2.8)

1.0

(0.7;1.3)

 

2.0

(1.8;2.3)

 

  Low

2.9

(2.6;3.2)

2.6

(2.2;2.9)

1.6

(1.3;1.9)

 

2.4

(2.1;2.6)

  Difference

0.2

 

0.1

 

0.6

  

0.4

 

Artificially sweetened beverages

1.1

(1.0;1.3)

1.2

(1.0;1.4)

1.6

(1.4;1.8)

0.002 a

   

 Parental education 2001

      

0.054

  

0.553

  High

0.9

(0.7;1.2)

1.1

(0.8;1.4)

1.8

(1.4;2.1)

 

1.3

(1.1;1.5)

 

  Low

1.3

(1.0;1.5)

1.3

(1.0;1.6)

1.5

(1.1;1.8)

 

1.3

(1.1;1.5)

  Difference

0.4

 

0.2

 

0.3

  

0.0

 

 Educational intentions 2005

      

0.996

  

0.038

  High

1.0

(0.8;1.2)

1.1

(0.9;1.4)

1.4

(1.2;1.7)

 

1.2

(1.0;1.4)

 

  Low

1.3

(1.0;1.6)

1.4

(1.1;1.7)

1.7

(1.4;2.1)

 

1.5

(1.3;1.7)

  Difference

0.3

 

0.3

 

0.3

  

0.3

 

 Education 2016

      

0.799

  

0.972

  High

1.2

(1.0;1.4)

1.2

(1.0;1.5)

1.5

(1.3;1.8)

 

1.3

(1.1;1.5)

 

  Low

1.1

(0.8;1.4)

1.2

(0.8;1.5)

1.6

(1.3;2.0)

 

1.3

(1.1;1.5)

  Difference

0.1

 

0.0

 

0.1

  

0.0

 

 Household income 2001

      

0.342

  

0.872

  High

1.0

(0.7;1.2)

1.3

(0.1;1.6)

1.5

(1.2;1.8)

 

1.3

(1.1;1.5)

 

  Low

1.2

(0.9;1.5)

1.1

(0.7;1.4)

1.6

(1.2;2.0)

 

1.3

(1.0;1.5)

  Difference

0.2

 

0.2

 

0.1

  

0.0

 

 Income 2016

      

0.671

  

0.216

  High

1.3

(1.0;1.5)

1.4

(1.1;1.7)

1.7

(1.3;2.0)

 

1.4

(1.2;1.6)

 

  Low

1.2

(0.9;1.4)

1.1

(0.8;1.4)

1.5

(1.2;1.9)

 

1.3

(1.0;1.5)

  Difference

0.1

 

0.3

 

0.2

  

0.1

 
  1. ap-value TIME
  2. bp-value SES indicator
  3. Multilevel repeated measures adjusted for time, gender, grade level and different indicators of socioeconomic status (one separate model for each indicator)
  4. Statistical significant results at level p ≤ 0.05 are presented in bold
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International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1479-5868

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