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Table 1 Demographic and Socialization Model of Child Behaviorcharacteristics among toddlers and their parents

From: Role of parental and environmental characteristics in toddlers’ physical activity and screen time: Bayesian analysis of structural equation models

 

n = 193

Demographic characteristics

 Toddlers’ age

1.6 ± 0.2

 Toddlers’ sex

  Boys

50.8 (98)

  Girls

49.2 (95)

 Toddlers’ race/ethnicity

  European-Canadian/Caucasian

53.9 (104)

  Othera

46.1 (89)

 Household income

   < $50,000

15.5 (30)

  $50,001 to $100,000

38.3 (74)

   ≥ $100,000

46.1 (89)

 Main type of childcare

  Parental

35.8 (69)

  Otherb

64.2 (124)

SMCB characteristics

 Activity temperament (0–7)

5.5 ± 0.8

 Screen time

  TV (min/day)

92.7 ± 147.5

  VG (min/day)

15.5 ± 38.7

  Total screen time (TV + VG; min/day)

101.8 ± 108.8

 Physical activity (n = 123)

  LPA (min/day)

239.1 ± 27.5

  MVPA (min/day)

58.7 ± 18.7

  TPA (min/day)

298.0 ± 39.9

Screen time: Parental behavior

 Screen time modeling

  TV (min/day)

80.8 ± 88.5

  Computer (min/day)

77.4 ± 107.6

  VG (min/day)

1.8 ± 7.8

  Total screen time (TV + Computer + VG; min/day)

147.5 ± 114.9

 Limit on toddlers’ screen time (0–7)

2.8 ± 2.5

Screen time: Parental cognition

 Positive outcome expectations (0–7)

4.6 ± 2.2

 Negative outcome expectations (0–7)

2.5 ± 1.6

 Barrier self-efficacy (0–7)

4.6 ± 1.9

Physical activity: Parental behavior (n = 123)

 Physical activity modeling

 Total physical activity (MET·min·week−1)

3198.8 ± 2902.7

 Physical activity support (0–7)

4.9 ± 1.4

Physical activity: Parental cognition (n = 123)

 Positive outcome expectations (0–7)

6.5 ± 0.8

 Negative outcome expectations (0–7)

4.1 ± 1.6

 Barrier self-efficacy (0–7)

4.6 ± 1.3

Home environment

 Screen time

 

  Presence of at least one electronic equipment in bedroom (%)c

12.4 (24)

  Availability of electronic equipment (Total number)§

9.1 ± 3.1

 Physical activity (n = 145)

  Availability of PA equipment (total number)d

14.6 ± 1.8

  Yard space (1–5)

3.5 ± 1.0

  Suitability of playgrounds (1–5)

3.9 ± 0.8

Neighborhood environment

 Neighborhood safety (1–4)

3.3 ± 0.7

  1. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation for continuous/ordinal variables and percentages (n) for dichotomous variables
  2. SMCB = Socialization Model of Child Behavior
  3. aNon-European-Canadian/Non-Caucasian included aboriginal/First Nation, African-Canadian, Arabic, Asian/Pacific Islander, Hispanic/Latino/Latina, and others (self-expressed)
  4. bOther included childcare center, home daycare, and another adult (e.g., friend, relative, nanny, baby sitter) in and outside home
  5. cElectronic equipment included TV, video/DVD/Blu-ray player, desktop computer, laptop, tablet computer, cell phone, and video game console
  6. dPA equipment included balls, basketball hoop, bats/racquets/golf clubs, climbing equipment, gardening tools, play house, pool or beach toys, tricycle/bicycle, and other (self-described)
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International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1479-5868

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