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Table 4 Associationsa between socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and daily nutrient density, energy intake and density of daily snacks in women (N overall sample = 84,962; Nsnacking = 62,209) and men (Noverall sample = 23,491; Nsnacking = 15,359)

From: Socio-economic and demographic factors associated with snacking behavior in a large sample of French adults

 

Women

Men

Nutrient densityb of snacks

Energy density of snacks (kcal/100 g)

Energy intake from daily snacks (kcal)

Nutrient densityb of snacks

Energy density of snacks (kcal/100 g)

Energy intake from daily snacks (kcal)

Mean

SE

p value

Mean

SE

P value

Mean

SE

P value

Mean

SE

p value

Mean

SE

P value

Mean

SE

P value

Age class

≤30y

73.0

3.5

< 0.0001

237.5

2.1

< 0.0001

266.3

2.6

< 0.0001

96.6

6.6

< 0.0001

225.7

4.3

0.004

340.9

6.9

< 0.0001

31-45

102.9

3.4

 

231.5

2.0

 

242.3

2.6

 

122.4

5.9

 

229.3

3.9

 

305.3

6.2

 

46-60

111.5

3.4

 

223.4

2.0

 

229.8

2.6

 

114.7

6.0

 

223.9

4.0

 

275.6

6.3

 

>60y

92.1

4.6

 

218.6

2.7

 

219.6

3.4

 

91.7

6.7

 

213

4.4

 

256.6

7.0

 

Presence of child in the household

No child

99.9

2.9

0.0007

220.5

1.7

< 0.0001

241.7

2.2

0.05

102.3

4.8

0.1

217.9

3.1

0.005

308.0

5.0

< 0.0001

At least one child

89.9

3.5

 

234.9

2.1

 

237.4

2.6

 

110.4

6.0

 

228

3.9

 

281.2

6.3

< 0.0001

Educational level

Postgraduate level

99.4

3.5

0.5

236.2

2.1

< 0.0001

229.3

2.6

<.0001

99.0

5.8

0.08

230.1

3.8

0.008

286

6.1

0.2

Undergraduate level

97.0

3.1

 

231.7

1.9

 

232.2

2.3

 

95.8

5.6

 

231.4

3.7

 

292.5

5.9

 

Secondary school

95.2

2.8

 

225.8

1.7

 

238.7

2.1

 

99.4

4.7

 

219.9

3.0

 

300.4

4.9

 

Primary school

88

7.7

 

217.3

4.6

 

257.9

5.8

 

131.2

12.9

 

210.5

8.5

 

299.5

13.5

 

Household income per consumption unit

> 2700 euros

111.4

3.97

< 0.0001

231.8

2.4

< 0.0001

220.1

3.0

< 0.0001

130.0

6.6

< 0.0001

227.1

4.3

0.1

271.9

6.9

< 0.0001

1800-2700 euros

101.6

3.75

 

232.0

2.2

 

233.3

2.8

 

107.6

6.3

 

220.3

4.1

 

286.2

6.6

 

1200-1800 euros

91.0

3.5

 

229.9

2.1

 

240.3

2.6

 

106.0

6.0

 

226.9

3.9

 

284.3

6.3

 

< 1200 euros

85.2

3.66

 

219.9

2.2

 

259.5

2.8

 

96.3

6.9

 

216.7

4.5

 

325.2

7.3

 

Unwilling to declare

85.3

4.13

 

225.0

2.5

 

244.6

3.1

 

91.8

9.1

 

223.9

5.9

 

305.4

9.5

 

Occupation class

Managerial staff

110.5

3.28

< 0.0001

230.7

2.0

0.2

220.3

2.5

< 0.0001

130.1

5.3

0.0001

222.9

3.5

0.9

261.1

5.5

< 0.0001

Self-employed

101.1

6.97

 

225.3

4.2

 

232.2

5.2

 

121.4

10.4

 

227.3

6.8

 

291.7

10.8

 

Intermediate profession

94.6

3.11

 

230.2

1.9

 

235.2

2.3

 

106.4

5.9

 

219.8

3.8

 

274.2

6.1

 

Employee

92.6

2.87

 

225.9

1.7

 

240.2

2.2

 

100.5

6.8

 

221.4

4.4

 

295

7.1

 

Manual worker

90.3

8.99

 

224.4

5.3

 

252.7

6.8

 

91.7

10.1

 

222.6

6.5

 

316.4

10.5

 

Never employed

80.2

6.51

 

230

3.8

 

256.7

4.9

 

88.1

14.9

 

223.9

9.6

 

329.1

15.7

 
  1. aUsing analysis of covariance adjusted on total energy intake. The demographic and socio-economic factors were included simultaneously in the models
  2. bCalculated using the NRF9.3100kcal score
  3. cData used in the analysis were collected for each participant at inclusion in the cohort
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International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1479-5868

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