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Table 3 Stability of Observed Feeding Behaviors across Three Meals (Study 1) and Across 18 Months (Study 2) (Codes with Low Frequencies Not Reported)

From: Stability in the feeding practices and styles of low-income mothers: questionnaire and observational analyses

 

Mean (SD) Across 3 Meals

Mean Correlation across 3 Mealsa

Mean (SD) Across 2 Timepoints

Correlation across 2 Time points (18 Months)b

Frequency of Influence Attempts (Desired Behaviors)

 Encourage Eating

20.44 (21.75)

.62

34.94 (23.06)

.39

 Eat All Food on Plate

1.48 (2.63)

.39

5.91 (5.48)

.19

 Eat a Different Food

3.73 (4.10)

.40

38.53 (18.26)

.46

 Discourage Eating

2.31 (2.47)

.35

0.07 (.04)

.35

 Table Manners

7.52 (8.66)

.47

17.12 (12.42)

.45

 Eating Skills

3.02 (3.33)

.33

6.48 (5.10)

.22

 Other Food Related Behaviors

1.62 (2.71)

.41

13.69 (10.84)

.51

 Non-Food Related Behaviors

1.68 (2.59)

.23

2.81 (3.54)

.08

Proportion of Influence Attempts (Verbal Strategies)

 Hint/Acknowledge

0.05 (0.07)

.37

0.06 (0.04)

.08

 Enthusiastic Modeling

0.02 (0.03)

.32

0.08 ((0.05)

.49

 Question/Suggestion

0.18 (0.12)

.13

0.26 (0.08)

.28

 Reason/Instruct

0.07 (0.05)

.22

0.06 (0.04)

.23

 Unelaborated Command

0.52 (0.15)

.38

0.40 (0.10)

.39

 Verbal Pressure

0.02 (0.03)

.26

0.01 (0.01)

−.06

Proportion of Influence Attempts (Nonverbal Strategies)

 Moves Self Closer

0.03 (0.05)

.22

0.01 (0.01)

.14

 Moves Something Closer

0.06 (0.06)

.21

0.04 (0.02)

.11

 Points/Motions

0.17 (0.13)

.44

0.30 (0.09)

.23

 Helps

0.04 (0.05)

.20

0.01 (0.01)

−.12

 Spoon Feeds

0.03 (0.06)

.54

0.02 (0.02)

.27

 Physically Forces

0.03 (0.04)

.23

0.01 (0.01)

.11

Frequency of Non-Influence Attemptsc

 Food Characteristics

1.30 (2.12)

.19

 Other-Food Related

0.65 (1.30)

.32

 Target Child

5.58 (7.16)

.63

 Mother

0.54 (0.91)

.21

 Other People

0.87 (1.60)

.09

 Non-Food Related

3.94 (5.62)

.23

 Clarification

1.96 (2.76)

.38

Feeding Dimensions

 Demandingness (rate/min)

1.31 (1.19)

.63

1.00 (0.57)

.34

 Responsiveness (proportion child strategies)

0.35 (0.15)

.33

0.50 (.11)

.49

Feeding Styles (1 = yes, 0 = no)

 Authoritative

.22

 

.33

 Authoritarian

.23

 

.30

 Indulgent

.21

 

.19

 Uninvolvedc

.21

 

.02

  1. acorrelations ≥ .18 (bolded) were significant at the p < .05 level
  2. bcorrelations ≥ .17 (bolded) were significant at the p < .05 level
  3. cCoded in Study 1 only