OVERALL, mean [95% CI] | |||||||||||
Quintile 1 Most disadvantaged | Quintile 2 | Quintile 3 | Quintile 4 | Quintile 5 Least disadvantaged | |||||||
1995 n = 1778 | 2011–13 n = 1582 | 1995 n = 1787 | 2011–13 n = 1719 | 1995 n = 1810 | 2011–13 n = 1633 | 1995 n = 1953 | 2011–13 n = 1453 | 1995 n = 1949 | 2011–13 n = 1820 | p interaction SEP*Time | |
Energy (kJ) | 9073 [8859, 9287] | 8628 [8393, 8864] | 9383 [9164, 9602] | 8607 [8384, 8829] | 9482 [9260, 9704] | 8892 [8683, 9100] | 9405 [9201, 9610] | 8813 [8571, 9054] | 9562 [9356, 9768] | 8945 [8738, 9151] | 0.69 |
Carbohydrate (%E) | 45.6 [45.0, 46.1] | 44.5 [43.8, 45.2]* | 45.4 [44.8, 46.0] | 44.1 [43.4, 44.8]** | 44.8 [44.3, 45.4] | 43.7 [43.0, 44.5]* | 45.3 [44.8, 45.8] | 42.7 [42.0, 43.4]*** | 45.1 [44.5, 45.6] | 41.8 [41.2, 42.5]*** | 0.001 |
Total sugars (%E) | 20.3 [19.7, 20.9] | 19.6 [18.9, 20.2] | 19.9 [19.4, 20.4] | 19.3 [18.7, 19.9] | 19.6 [19.1, 20.1] | 19.7 [19.1, 20.2] | 19.6 [19.1, 20.1] | 19.3 [18.7, 19.9] | 19.4 [18.9, 19.9] | 18.1 [17.6, 18.6] | 0.17 |
Protein (%E) | 16.9 [16.6, 17.2] | 18.0 [17.6, 18.4] | 16.7 [16.4, 16.9] | 18.3 [17.8, 18.7] | 16.8 [16.5, 17.0] | 18.3 [17.9, 18.7] | 16.8 [16.6, 17.1] | 18.6 [18.2, 19.0] | 16.8 [16.5, 17.0] | 18.4 [18.1, 18.8] | 0.39 |
Fat (%E) | 31.9 [31.4, 32.4] | 30.8 [30.2, 31.4]** | 31.9 [31.4, 32.5] | 30.5 [29.9, 31.1]*** | 32.1 [31.6, 32.6] | 30.7 [30.2, 31.3]*** | 31.3 [30.9, 31.8] | 31.4 [30.7, 32.0] | 31.4 [31.0, 31.9] | 31.0 [30.4, 31.5] | 0.026 |
SFA (%E) | 12.4 [12.2, 12.7] | 11.7 [11.3, 12.0] | 12.5 [12.2, 12.8] | 11.4 [11.2, 11.7] | 12.5 [12.3, 12.8] | 11.6 [11.4, 11.9] | 12.3 [12.0, 12.5] | 11.6 [11.3, 11.9] | 12.3 [12.1, 12.6] | 11.3 [11.1, 11.6] | 0.72 |
MUFA (%E) | 11.6 [11.4, 11.8] | 11.8 [11.5, 12.1] | 11.7 [11.4, 11.9] | 11.6 [11.3, 11.9] | 11.7 [11.5, 11.9] | 11.7 [11.5, 12.0] | 11.3 [11.1, 11.5] | 12.0 [11.7, 12.3]*** | 11.4 [11.2, 11.6] | 11.9 [11.6, 12.2]** | 0.010 |
PUFA (%E) | 5.0 [4.8, 5.1] | 4.6 [4.5, 4.8]** | 4.8 [4.7, 5.0] | 4.7 [4.6, 4.9] | 4.9 [4.8, 5.1] | 4.7 [4.5, 4.8]* | 4.8 [4.7, 4.9] | 5.0 [4.8, 5.2] | 4.8 [4.7, 4.9] | 5.0 [4.8, 5.1] | 0.002 |
Fiber density (g/1000 kJ) | 2.1 [2.1, 2.2] | 2.7 [2.6, 2.8] | 2.1 [2.0, 2.1] | 2.8 [2.7, 2.9] | 2.1 [2.1, 2.2] | 2.7 [2.6, 2.8] | 2.2 [2.1, 2.2] | 2.8 [2.7, 2.9] | 2.1 [2.1, 2.2] | 2.8 [2.7, 2.9] | 0.54 |
Probability [95% CI] | |||||||||||
n = 1325 | n = 1582 | n = 1355 | n = 1721 | n = 1378 | n = 1633 | n = 1510 | n = 1453 | n = 1510 | n = 1820 | p interaction SEP*Time | |
Fruit (≥ 2 serves/d) | 0.48 [0.44, 0.51] | 0.46 [0.43, 0.50] | 0.54 [0.50, 0.57] | 0.47 [0.44, 0.50] | 0.51 [0.47, 0.54] | 0.48 [0.45, 0.51] | 0.52 [0.49, 0.55] | 0.49 [0.46, 0.52] | 0.51 [0.48, 0.55] | 0.47 [0.44, 0.50] | 0.60 |
Vegetables (≥ 4 serves/d) | 0.18 [0.15, 0.20] | 0.19 [0.17, 0.22] | 0.18 [0.16, 0.21] | 0.19 [0.17, 0.22] | 0.21 [0.18, 0.25] | 0.20 [0.18, 0.23] | 0.20 [0.17, 0.23] | 0.19 [0.16, 0.21] | 0.18 [0.15, 0.20] | 0.16 [0.14, 0.18] | 0.59 |
MEN, mean [95% CI] | |||||||||||
Quintile 1 Most disadvantaged | Quintile 2 | Quintile 3 | Quintile 4 | Quintile 5 Least disadvantaged | |||||||
1995 n = 829 | 2011–13 n = 717 | 1995 n = 863 | 2011–13 n = 819 | 1995 n = 881 | 2011–13 n = 779 | 1995 n = 943 | 2011–13 n = 719 | 1995 n = 982 | 2011–13 n = 863 | p interaction SEP*Time | |
Energy (kJ) | 10,751 [10,416, 11,086] | 10,067 [9680, 10,454] | 11,142 [10,790, 11,493] | 9803 [9452, 10,155] | 11,380 [11,042, 11,718] | 10,148 [9825, 10,470] | 11,152 [10,843, 11,461] | 10,322 [9963, 10,682] | 11,275 [10,961, 11,589] | 10,101 [9782, 10,420] | 0.28 |
Carbohydrate (%E) | 44.6 [43.8, 45.4] | 43.9 [42.9, 44.9] | 44.5 [43.8, 45.3] | 44.1 [43.1, 45.0] | 43.7 [42.9, 44.4] | 43.6 [42.6, 44.5] | 44.7 [44.0, 45.5] | 42.5 [41.5, 43.5]*** | 44.4 [43.7, 45.2] | 42.2 [41.3, 43.1]*** | 0.034 |
Total sugars (%E) | 19.7 [19.0, 20.5] | 18.3 [17.4, 19.2] | 19.1 [18.4, 19.8] | 19.1 [18.2, 20.1] | 18.9 [18.2, 19.7] | 18.8 [18.0, 19.6] | 19.1 [18.4, 19.8] | 18.5 [17.7, 19.4] | 18.7 [18.0, 19.5] | 18.1 [17.4, 18.8] | 0.44 |
Protein (%E) | 16.8 [16.3, 17.3] | 17.8 [17.2, 18.4] | 16.8 [16.4, 17.1] | 18.1 [17.4, 18.8] | 16.8 [16.4, 17.2] | 18.4 [17.8, 18.9] | 16.6 [16.2, 16.9] | 18.5 [17.9, 19.0] | 16.7 [16.3, 17.0] | 18.0 [17.5, 18.5] | 0.47 |
Fat (%E) | 32.2 [31.6, 32.8] | 30.6 [29.7, 31.4] | 31.9 [31.3, 32.5] | 30.0 [29.2, 30.9] | 32.1 [31.4, 32.7 | 30.6 [29.9, 31.3] | 31.5 [30.9, 32.1] | 31.2 [30.4, 32.0] | 31.3 [30.7, 31.9] | 30.3 [29.6, 31.1] | 0.22 |
SFA (%E) | 12.6 [12.3, 13.0] | 11.6 [11.1, 12.0] | 12.4 [12.1, 12.8] | 11.3 [10.9, 11.7] | 12.5 [12.2, 12.9] | 11.6 [11.2, 12.0] | 12.5 [12.2, 12.9] | 11.7 [11.3, 12.2] | 12.3 [12.0, 12.6] | 11.4 [11.0, 11.8] | 0.94 |
MUFA (%E) | 11.8 [11.5, 12.1] | 11.9 [11.4, 12.3] | 11.8 [11.5, 12.1] | 11.5 [11.1, 11.9] | 11.8 [11.5, 12.1] | 11.7 [11.3, 12.0] | 11.4 [11.2, 11.7] | 12.0 [11.6, 12.4] | 11.5 [11.2, 11.7] | 11.6 [11.3, 12.0] | 0.13 |
PUFA (%E) | 4.8 [4.6, 5.0] | 4.5 [4.3. 4.7] | 4.8 [4.6, 5.0] | 4.6 [4.4, 4.8] | 4.9 [4.7, 5.1] | 4.7 [4.5, 4.9] | 4.7 [4.5, 4.9] | 4.8 [4.6, 5.1] | 4.7 [4.5, 4.8] | 4.7 [4.4, 4.9] | 0.26 |
Fiber density (g/1000 kJ) | 2.0 [1.9, 2.0] | 2.6 [2.4, 2.7] | 1.9 [1.9, 2.0] | 2.6 [2.5, 2.7] | 2.0 [1.9, 2.0] | 2.6 [2.5, 2.7] | 2.0 [1.9, 2.0] | 2.6 [2.5, 2.7] | 2.0 [1.9, 2.0] | 2.6 [2.5, 2.7] | 0.99 |
Probability [95% CI] | |||||||||||
n = 611 | n = 717 | n = 635 | n = 820 | n = 656 | n = 779 | n = 706 | n = 719 | n = 738 | n = 863 | p interaction SEP*Time | |
Fruit (≥ 2 serves/d) | 0.42 [0.38, 0.47] | 0.40 [0.35, 0.45] | 0.51 [0.46, 0.55] | 0.40 [0.36, 0.44] | 0.48 [0.43, 0.52] | 0.42 [0.37, 0.46] | 0.48 [0.44, 0.53] | 0.46 [0.41, 0.50] | 0.46 [0.42, 0.51] | 0.40 [0.35, 0.44] | 0.39 |
Vegetables (≥ 4 serves/d) | 0.13 [0.10, 0.16] | 0.17 [0.14, 0.21] | 0.17 [0.14, 0.21] | 0.18 [0.14, 0.22] | 0.18 [0.15, 0.22] | 0.16 [0.13, 0.20] | 0.17 [0.14, 0.21] | 0.17 [0.13, 0.20] | 0.14 [0.11, 0.17] | 0.12 [0.09, 0.15] | 0.27 |
WOMEN, mean [95% CI] | |||||||||||
Quintile 1 Most disadvantaged | Quintile 2 | Quintile 3 | Quintile 4 | Quintile 5 Least disadvantaged | |||||||
1995 n = 949 | 2011–13 n = 865 | 1995 n = 924 | 2011–13 n = 900 | 1995 n = 929 | 2011–13 n = 854 | 1995 n = 1010 | 2011–13 n = 734 | 1995 n = 967 | 2011–13 n = 957 | p interaction SEP*Time | |
Energy (kJ) | 7307 [7074, 7540] | 7130 [6874, 7385] | 7533 [7319, 7748] | 7338 [7092, 7585] | 7461 [7220, 7703] | 7592 [7341, 7843] | 7551 [7340, 7762] | 7230 [6929, 7531] | 7740 [7538, 7943] | 7741 [7482, 8001] | 0.41 |
Carbohydrate (%E) | 46.5 [45.7, 47.3] | 45.2 [44.2, 46.2]* | 46.3 [45.5, 47.1] | 44.2 [43.2, 45.1]** | 46.1 [45.4, 46.7] | 44.0 [42.9, 45.0]** | 45.9 [45.3, 46.6] | 42.9 [41.8, 44.0]*** | 45.8 [45.1, 46.5]*** | 41.5 [40.5, 42.5] | 0.008 |
Total sugars (%E) | 20.8 [20.1, 21.6] | 20.9 [20.0, 21.8] | 20.7 [20.0, 21.5] | 19.4 [18.7, 20.1]** | 20.3 [19.7, 21.0] | 20.6 [19.7, 21.4] | 20.1 [19.5, 20.8] | 20.2 [19.3, 21.0] | 20.0 [19.4, 20.7] | 18.3 [17.5, 19.0]*** | 0.016 |
Protein (%E) | 17.0 [16.6, 17.4] | 18.3 [17.7, 18.8] | 16.6 [16.2, 16.9] | 18.4 [17.9, 18.9] | 16.7 [16.3, 17.1] | 18.2 [17.7, 18.8] | 17.0 [16.7, 17.4] | 18.8 [18.3, 19.3] | 16.9 [16.5, 17.2] | 18.9 [18.3, 19.4] | 0.62 |
Fat (%E) | 31.7 [31.0, 32.4] | 31.0 [30.1, 31.9] | 32.0 [31.3, 32.8] | 31.0 [30.2, 31.8] | 32.1 [31.5, 32.8] | 30.9 [30.1, 31.7] | 31.1 [30.5, 31.8] | 31.5 [30.6, 32.5] | 31.6 [31.0, 32.2] | 31.6 [30.8, 32.4] | 0.14 |
SFA (%E) | 12.2 [11.8, 12.5] | 11.8 [11.3, 12.3] | 12.5 [12.1, 12.9] | 11.6 [11.2, 12.0] | 12.5 [12.2, 12.9] | 11.7 [11.2, 12.1] | 12.0 [11.7, 12.3] | 11.4 [11.0, 11.9] | 12.3 [12.0, 12.7] | 11.3 [10.9, 11.7] | 0.51 |
MUFA (%E) | 11.4 [11.1, 11.7] | 11.7 [11.3, 12.1] | 11.6 [11.2, 11.9] | 11.7 [11.4, 12.1] | 11.6 [11.3, 11.9] | 11.8 [11.4, 12.1] | 11.2 [10.9, 11.5] | 12.1 [11.6, 12.5] | 11.3 [11.0, 11.5] | 12.2 [11.8, 12.6] | 0.07 |
PUFA (%E) | 5.1 [4.9, 5.3] | 4.8 [4.5, 5.0] | 4.9 [4.7, 5.1] | 4.9 [4.7, 5.1] | 4.9 [4.7, 5.2] | 4.7 [4.5, 4.9] | 4.9 [4.7, 5.1] | 5.3 [4.9, 5.6]* | 4.9 [4.7, 5.1] | 5.3 [5.0, 5.5]* | 0.004 |
Fiber density (g/1000 kJ) | 2.3 [2.2, 2.3] | 2.9 [2.8, 3.0] | 2.2 [2.1, 2.3] | 3.0 [2.8, 3.2] | 2.3 [2.2, 2.4] | 2.9 [2.7, 3.0] | 2.4 [2.3, 2.4] | 3.0 [2.9, 3.2] | 2.3 [2.2, 2.3] | 2.9 [2.8, 3.1] | 0.31 |
Probability [95% CI] | |||||||||||
n = 714 | n = 865 | n = 720 | n = 901 | n = 722 | n = 854 | n = 804 | n = 734 | n = 772 | n = 957 | p interaction SEP*Time | |
Fruit (≥ 2 serves/d) | 0.53 [0.49, 0.57] | 0.53 [0.48, 0.57] | 0.57 [0.52, 0.61] | 0.55 [0.51, 0.59] | 0.54 [0.49, 0.58] | 0.54 [0.49, 0.58] | 0.56 [0.52, 0.60] | 0.52 [0.48, 0.57] | 0.57 [0.53, 0.61] | 0.54 [0.50, 0.58] | 0.90 |
Vegetables (≥ 4 serves/d) | 0.23 [0.19, 0.26] | 0.22 [0.18, 0.26] | 0.20 [0.16, 0.23] | 0.20 [0.17, 0.24] | 0.24 [0.20, 0.29] | 0.24 [0.20, 0.28] | 0.23 [0.19, 0.26] | 0.21 [0.17, 0.25] | 0.21 [0.18, 0.25] | 0.19 [0.16, 0.23] | 0.95 |