| Overall (n = 2653) | Subsample (n = 703) | p-value* | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | n | (%) | n | (%) | |
Age (Med, IQR) | 45.0 (34.0–58.0) | 46.0 (35.0–58.0) | 0.50 | ||
Age Group | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.47 |
 18–29 | 433 | 16.3 | 115 | 16.4 |  |
 30–39 | 534 | 20.1 | 135 | 19.2 |  |
 40–49 | 592 | 22.3 | 162 | 23.0 |  |
 50–59 | 515 | 19.4 | 154 | 21.9 |  |
 60–79 | 579 | 21.8 | 137 | 19.5 |  |
Gender | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.04 |
 Men | 1193 | 45.0 | 285 | 40.5 |  |
 Women | 1460 | 55.0 | 418 | 59.5 |  |
Ethnicity | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.74 |
 Chinese | 1770 | 66.7 | 469 | 66.7 |  |
 Indian | 402 | 15.2 | 97 | 13.8 |  |
 Malay | 387 | 14.6 | 110 | 15.6 |  |
 Others | 94 | 3.5 | 27 | 3.8 |  |
Marital status | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.11 |
 Not marrieda | 952 | 35.9 | 275 | 39.1 |  |
 Married | 1701 | 64.1 | 428 | 60.9 |  |
Education level |  |  |  |  | < 0.01 |
 Secondary & below | 800 | 30.2 | 161 | 22.9 |  |
 Pre-tertiary | 1210 | 45.6 | 356 | 50.6 |  |
 University & above | 643 | 24.2 | 186 | 26.5 |  |
Employment status | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.18 |
 Unemployed | 677 | 25.5 | 162 | 23.0 |  |
 Employed | 1976 | 74.5 | 541 | 77.0 |  |
BMI, kg/m2 (Med, IQR) | 23.6 (21.0–26.5) | 23.7 (21.1–26.6) | 0.33 | ||
BMI category | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.33 |
  ≤ 22.9 Normal | 1174 | 44.3 | 291 | 41.4 |  |
  ≥ 23.0 & ≤27.4 Overweight | 978 | 36.9 | 279 | 39.7 |  |
  ≥ 27.5 Obese | 501 | 18.9 | 133 | 18.9 |  |
Smoking status | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.22 |
 Never smoker | 1873 | 70.6 | 513 | 73.0 |  |
 Ever smoker | 780 | 29.4 | 190 | 27.0 |  |
Alcohol drinking | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.08 |
 Non-drinker | 1433 | 54.0 | 360 | 51.2 |  |
 Irregular drinker | 984 | 37.1 | 291 | 41.4 |  |
 Regular drinker | 236 | 8.9 | 52 | 7.4 |  |
Psychological distress | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 K6 score ≥ 14 | 224 | 8.4 | 69 | 9.8 | 0.25 |
 K6 (Med, IQR) | 7.0 (6.0–10.0) | 8.0 (6.0–10.0) | 0.05 | ||
 GHQ-12 score ≥ 2 | 577 | 21.7 | 175 | 24.9 | 0.08 |
 GHQ-12 (Med, IQR) | 0 (0–1.0) |  | 0 (0–1.0) |  | 0.57 |
Asthma | 281 | 10.6 | 69 | 9.8 | 0.55 |
Cancer | 52 | 2.0 | 16 | 2.3 | 0.60 |
Diabetes mellitus | 235 | 8.9 | 52 | 7.4 | 0.22 |
Heart attack | 34 | 1.3 | 9 | 1.3 | 0.99 |
Stroke | 31 | 1.2 | 1 | 0.1 | 0.01 |
Presence of at least one disease | 172 | 6.5 | 136 | 19.3 | < 0.01 |