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Table 3 The associations among workplace environment, self-regulation for physical activity, and occupational physical activity among white-collar workers (Nj = 23, Ni = 547)

From: Associations among workplace environment, self-regulation, and domain-specific physical activities among white-collar workers: a multilevel longitudinal study

Dependent: occupational physical activity at follow-up

Model 1

Unconditional model

Model 2

Crude random slope model

Model 3

Crude interaction model

Model 4

Employee-level adjusted modela

Model 5

Worksite-level adjusted modelb

Coefficient (SE)

Coefficient (SE)

Coefficient (SE)

Coefficient (SE)

Coefficient (SE)

Employee-level

 Self-regulation for physical activity (γ 10 )

–

0.23 (0.18)

0.13 (0.14)

0.11 (0.16)

0.11 (0.16)

Worksite-level

 Workplace environment

  Parking/Bike (γ 01 )

–

−0.84 (1.33)

−0.83 (1.33)

−0.81 (1.20)

−1.02 (1.41)

  Signs/Bulletin boards/Advertisements (γ 02 )

–

−0.50 (1.32)

−0.49 (1.31)

−0.17 (1.21)

0.70 (0.51)

  Stairs/Elevator (γ 03 )

–

0.16 (2.49)

0.12 (2.50)

0.28 (2.05)

3.80 (1.80)*

  Physical activity/Fitness facilities (γ 04 )

–

1.68 (1.48)

1.68 (1.48)

1.46 (1.22)

4.98 (1.09)**

  Work rules (γ 05 )

–

0.34 (2.32)

0.38 (2.39)

0.12 (2.24)

−1.25 (1.50)

  Written policies (γ 06 )

–

−0.92 (0.87)

−0.89 (0.85)

−0.81 (0.83)

2.10 (1.02)*

  Health promotion programs (γ 07 )

–

−0.52 (0.31)

−0.53 (0.31)

−0.53 (0.29)

−0.01 (0.16)

Interaction effects

 Parking × self-regulation (γ 11 )

–

–

−0.41 (0.21)*

−0.42 (0.20)*

−0.43 (0.20)*

 Signs × self-regulation (γ 12 )

–

–

0.19 (0.18)

0.24 (0.16)

0.25 (0.16)

 Stairs × self-regulation (γ 13 )

–

–

0.42 (0.37)

0.34 (0.32)

0.35 (0.33)

 Fitness × self-regulation (γ 14 )

–

–

0.07 (0.10)

0.05 (0.09)

0.05 (0.09)

 Rules × self-regulation (γ 15 )

–

–

0.04 (0.32)

0.01 (0.33)

0.00 (0.32)

 Policies × self-regulation (γ 16 )

–

–

0.08 (0.10)

0.12 (0.10)

0.13 (0.10)

 Programs × self-regulation (γ 17 )

–

–

−0.10 (0.07)

−0.11 (0.08)

−0.12 (0.08)

Intercept (γ 00 )

3.90 (1.54)*

3.26 (1.08)**

3.27 (1.08)**

2.87 (0.98)**

7.07 (1.71)**

Random intercept (Ï„ 00 )

31.88 (26.72)

21.48 (12.45)

21.60 (12.37)

16.55 (13.65)

0.10 (1.39)

Random slope: self-regulation (Ï„ 11 )

–

0.40 (0.34)

0.21 (0.11)

0.24 (0.09)**

0.25 (0.09)**

Residual variance (e ij )

289.41 (145.74)*

261.85 (133.85)

261.64 (133.62)

180.65 (99.80)

178.26 (96.23)

AIC

22,792.08

18,780.05

18,786.13

18,646.91

18,629.98

  1. Nj the number of worksites, Ni the number of employees. CI confidence interval, AIC Akaike information criteria. Full Information Maximum Likelihood estimation (FIML) was used using Mplus 7.4. aAdjusted by self-efficacy for physical activity, gender, age, employment status, occupational status, working hours, job strain, and occupational physical activity at baseline. bAdjusted by employee-level covariates, worksite size, and worksite location. *p < 0.05. **p < 0.01.