Study | Sample and study design | Measures of sleep, SB, LPA, MVPA | Outcome measures | Data analysis method / reallocated time | Adjustments for confounding | Results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aggio et al. [44] | Children and youth (n = 353) from the Camden Active Spaces project, UK; cross-sectional | SB, LPA, MVPA – waist-worn accelerometers; sleep – not assessed | Hand grip strength, horizontal jump distance, flexibility, peak expiratory flow | Mekary et al. [12] / 60 min | Age, sex, ethnicity, height and school deprivation. | β (95% CI) Hand grip strength SB ↔ LPA: 0.509 (0.000, 1.019) SB ↔ MVPA: 0.511 (− 1.139, 2.161) LPA ↔ MVPA: 0.002 (− 1.760, 1.763) Horizontal jump distance SB ↔ LPA: 0.409 (− 2.252, 3.070) SB ↔ MVPA: 16.093 (7.476, 24.710) LPA ↔ MVPA: 15.684 (6.484, 24.885) Peak expiratory flow SB ↔ LPA: − 0.149 (− 7.569, 7.298) SB ↔ MVPA: 5.389 (− 18.728, 29.506) LPA ↔ MVPA: 5.538 (− 20.210, 31.287) Flexibility SB ↔ LPA: − 0.048 (− 0.935, 0.839) SB ↔ MVPA: 4.783 (1.910, 7.656) LPA ↔ MVPA: 4.831 (1.764, 7.899) |
Collings et al. [20] | Children (n = 410) from the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children study, Finland; cross-sectional | Sleep, SB, LPA, MPA, VPA – heart rate and movement sensor | CRF | Mekary et al. [12] / 10 min | Age, sex, monitor wear characteristics, income, sleep duration, energy intake, frequency of breakfast consumption, number of meals per day, snacking, birth weight, maternal and paternal BMI. When FMI, TFMI and FFMI were outcomes further adjustment for CRF was made. CRF was adjusted for FMI. | β (95% CI) SB → LPA: − 0.0038 (− 0.010, 0.0027) SB → MPA: 0.014 (0.0064, 0.022) SB → VPA: 0.098 (0.040, 0.16) LPA → MPA: 0.018 (0.0054, 0.031) LPA → VPA: 0.10 (0.046, 0.16) MPA → VPA: 0.083 (0.024, 0.14) |
Ekblom-Bak et al. [52] | Adults (n = 654) from the Swedish Cardio Pulmonary bioImage Study, Sweden; cross-sectional | SB, LPA, MVPA – waist-worn accelerometers; sleep – not assessed | VO2max | Mekary et al. [12] / 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min | Sex, age, education, smoking, perceived psychosocial stress. | OR (95% CI) 30 min reallocation VO2max (women < 32 and men < 35 ml·min-1·kg-1) SB → LPA: 0.953 (0.926, 0.982) SB → MVPA: 0.870 (0.794, 0.953) VO2max (women ≥32 and men ≥35 ml·min-1·kg-1) SB → LPA: 0.989 (0.966, 1.013) SB → MVPA: 0.904 (0.851, 0.960) |
Fairclough et al. [25] | Children (n = 169) from the Active Schools Skelmersdale study, UK; cross-sectional | SB, LPA, MVPA – wrist-worn accelerometers; sleep – estimated from the ActiGraph raw accelerations | CRF | Dumuid et al. [14] / 15 min | IMD decile, age, sex, and BMI. | Reallocating 15 min from MVPA to sleep, SB or LPA predicted higher adiposity and lower CRF. Reallocating time to MVPA from sleep, SB or LPA increased the magnitude of estimated detriments for fitness and adiposity. Furthermore, the detriments were larger in magnitude than the estimated benefits of time reallocation from MVPA to sleep, SB or LPA. |
Kim [61] | Older woman (n = 101), from the Itabashi ward, metropolitan Tokyo, Japan; cross-sectional | SB (prolonged SB and non-prolonged SB), LPA, MVPA – wrist-worn accelerometers; sleep – not assessed | Usual gait speed, maximum gait speed, 5-chair sit-to-stand, and timed up-and-go tests | Mekary et al. [12] / 30 min | Age, BMI, education, living conditions, smoking, alcohol consumption, number of medical conditions, and Tokyo metropolitan institute of gerontology score. | β (95% CI) Usual walking speed Prolonged SB → non-prolonged SB: 0.013 (− 0.017, 0.043) Prolonged SB → LPA: − 0.032 (− 0.076, 0.013) Prolonged SB → MVPA: 0.240 (0.133, 0.346) Non-prolonged SB → LPA: − 0.045 (− 0.090, 0.000) Non-prolonged SB → MVPA: 0.226 (0.120, 0.332) LPA → MVPA: 0.271 (0.137, 0.405) Maximum walking speed Prolonged SB → non-prolonged SB: − 0.010 (− 0.049, 0.030) Prolonged SB → LPA: − 0.052 (− 0.108, 0.004) Prolonged SB → MVPA: 0.240 (0.0105, 0.375) Non-prolonged SB → LPA: − 0.043 (− 0.099, 0.013) Non-prolonged SB → MVPA: 0.250 (0.116, 0.383) LPA → MVPA: 0.292 (0.124, 0.460) 5 chair sit-to-stand Prolonged SB → non-prolonged SB: 0.298 (− 0.031, 0626) Prolonged SB → LPA: − 0.024 (− 0.496, 0.447) Prolonged SB → MVPA: − 0.960 (− 2.130, 0.209) Non-prolonged SB → LPA: − 0.322 (− 0.802, 0.158) Non-prolonged SB → MVPA: − 1.258 (− 2.417, − 0.098) LPA → MVPA: − 0.937 (− 2.397, 0.522) Timed Up and Go Prolonged SB → non-prolonged SB: − 0.468 (− 0.824, − 0.112) Prolonged SB → LPA: − 0.065 (− 0.591, 0.461) Prolonged SB → MVPA: − 2.264 (− 3.557, − 0.970) Non-prolonged SB → LPA: 0.404 (− 0.128, 0.935) Non-prolonged SB → MVPA: − 1.796 (− 3.082, − 0.510) LPA → MVPA: − 2.199 (− 3.816, − 0.581) |
Leppänen et al. [63] | Four year old children (n = 307) from the MINISTOP trial, Sweden; cross-sectional | Sleep, SB, LPA, MPA, VPA – wrist-worn accelerometers | 20-m shuttle run test, handgrip strength, standing long jump test and a 4 × 10-m shuttle run test | Mekary et al. [12] / 5 min | Maternal BMI and educational attainment, paternal BMI and educational attainment, child’s age and sex at the measurement and awake wearing time of the ActiGraph. | β (95% CI) 20-m shuttle run test SB ↔ LPA: −  0.05 (− 0.12, 0.03) SB ↔ MPA: 0.01 (− 0.08, 0.10) SB ↔ VPA: 0.87 (0.53, 1.22) LPA ↔ MPA: 0.06 (− 0.08, 0.20) LPA ↔ VPA: 0.92 (0.59, 1.25) MPA ↔ VPA: 0.86 (0.47, 1.26) Handgrip strength SB ↔ LPA: − 0.00 (− 0.05, 0.04) SB ↔ MPA: 0.03 (− 0.02, 0.09) SB ↔ VPA: 0.17 (− 0.04, 0.38) LPA ↔ MPA: 0.04 (− 0.05, 0.12) LPA ↔ VPA: 0.17 (− 0.03, 0.38) MPA ↔ VPA: 0.14 (− 0.10, 0.38) Standing long jump SB ↔ LPA: − 0.46 (− 0.90, − 0.02) SB ↔ MPA: 0.40 (− 0.14, 0.94) SB ↔ VPA: 2.09 (0.01, 4.17) LPA ↔ MPA: 0.86 (0.00, 1.71) LPA ↔ VPA: 2.55 (0.53, 4.56) MPA ↔ VPA: 1.68 (− 0.74, 4.10) 4 × 10 m-shuttle run SB ↔ LPA: 0.03 (− 0.03, 0.08) SB ↔ MPA: − 0.00 (− 0.07, 0.07) SB ↔ VPA: − 0.62 (− 0.88, − 0.36) LPA ↔ MPA: − 0.03 (− 0.13, 0.08) LPA ↔ VPA: − 0.65 (− 0.90, − 0.40) MPA ↔ VPA: − 0.62 (− 0.92, − 0.32) |
Leppänen et al. [27] | Four year old children (n = 138) from the MINISTOP trial, Sweden; prospective cohort | Sleep, SB, LPA, MPA, VPA – wrist-worn accelerometers | 20-m shuttle run test, handgrip strength, standing long jump test and a 4 × 10-m shuttle run test | Mekary et al. [12] / 5 min | Child’s age, sex at measurement, awake wearing time, models with SB or MPA as exposures were adjusted for VPA, while models with VPA or MVPA were adjusted for SB. | Reallocating 5 min from SB to LPA or MPA to VPA at baseline was associated with a better handgrip strength and with longer jumps at 12-month follow-up. |
Van der Velde et al. [36] | Adults (n = 2024) from The Maastricht Study, Netherlands; cross-sectional | SB, standing, LPA, MVPA – thigh-worn accelerometers; sleep – not assessed | CRF | Mekary et al. [12] / 60 min | Age, education level, type 2 diabetes, BMI, alcohol use, smoking status, cardio vascular disease, beta-blocker use, energy intake and mobility limitations | β (95% CI) Men SB → standing: 0.01 (− 0.02, 0.04) SB → LPA: 0.08 (0.03, 0.14) SB → MVPA: 0.49 (0.39, 0.59) Women SB → standing: − 0.00 (− 0.02, 0.02) SB → LPA: 0.10 (0.05, 0.16) SB → MVPA: 0.28 (0.19, 0.36) |