Physical activity to improve cognition in older adults: can physical activity programs enriched with cognitive challenges enhance the effects? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Gheysen, Freja; Poppe, Louise; DeSmet, Ann; Swinnen, Stephan; Cardon, Greet; De Bourdeaudhuij, Ilse; Chastin, Sebastien; Fias, Wim

doi:10.1186/s12966-018-0697-x

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

Table 1 Characteristics of included studies

From: Physical activity to improve cognition in older adults: can physical activity programs enriched with cognitive challenges enhance the effects? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Authors	Year	Country	Mode of PA + CA combination	Type of sim	Comparison groups	Cognitive status	Intervention length	Session duration	Session frequency	EPHPP study quality	Study design
Fabre et al.	2002	France	seq	n/a	control, PA, CA	healthy	short	long	high	weak	RCT
Oswald et al.	2006	Germany	seq	n/a	control, CA^a	healthy	long	long	low	weak	non-RCT
Taylor-Piliae et al.	2010	US	sim	tai chi	control, PA	healthy	long	n/a	high	weak	RCT
Kim et al.	2011	South Korea	sim	dance	control	healthy	long	medium	medium	strong	non-RCT
Legault et al.	2011	US	seq	n/a	control, PA, CA	healthy	medium	n/a	n/a	weak	RCT
Hiyamizu et al.	2012	Japan	sim	dual-task	PA	healthy	medium	medium	medium	strong	RCT
Jansen et al.	2012	Germany	sim	karate	control, PA, CA	healthy	medium	medium	n/a	moderate	non-RCT
Maillot et al.	2012	France	sim	exergame	control	healthy	medium	medium	medium	moderate	RCT
Lam et al.	2012	Hong Kong	sim	tai chi	control	impaired	long	short	high	strong	cRCT
Barnes et al.	2013	US	seq	n/a	PA^b	impaired	medium	medium	high	moderate	RCT
Kattenstroth et al.	2013	Germany	sim	dance	control	healthy	long	medium	low	weak	RCT
Schoene et al.	2013	Australia	sim	exergame	control	healthy	short	short	medium	moderate	RCT
Suzuki et al.	2013	Japan	sim	dual-task	control	impaired	long	long	medium	strong	RCT
Theill et al.	2013	Switzerland	sim	dual-task	control, CA	healthy	short	short	medium	weak	non-RCT
Teixeira et al.	2013	Brazil	sim	dual-task	control	healthy	medium	short	high	moderate	non-RCT
Fiatarone et al.	2014	Australia	seq	n/a	control, PA, CA	impaired	long	long	medium	moderate	RCT
Hughes et al.	2014	US	sim	exergame	control	impaired	long	long	low	strong	RCT
Shah et al.	2014	Australia	seq	n/a	control, PA, CA	healthy	medium	medium	high	moderate	non-RCT
van het Reve et al.	2014	Switzerland+Germany	seq	n/a	PA	healthy	medium	short	high	weak	RCT
Li et al.	2014	US	sim	tai ji quan	control	impaired	medium	medium	medium	moderate	non-RCT
Hackney et al.	2015	US	sim	dance	control	healthy	medium	long	n/a	strong	non-RCT
Eggenberger et al.	2015	Switzerland	sim	exergame and dual task^c	PA	healthy	long	medium	medium	weak	RCT
Yokoyama et al.	2015	Japan	sim	dual-task	PA	healthy	medium	medium	high	moderate	RCT
Sato et al.	2015	Japan	sim	dual-task	PA	healthy	short	medium	low	moderate	RCT
Nishiguchi et al.	2015	Japan	sim + seq	dual-task	control	healthy	medium	long	n/a	strong	RCT
Styliadis et al.	2015	Greece	sim + seq	exergame	control, CA^a,d	impaired	short	medium	high	weak	non-RCT
Kitazawa et al.	2015	Japan	sim	dual-task	control	healthy	short	medium	low	moderate	RCT
Leon et al.	2015	Spain	sim	dual-task	control, PA	healthy	medium	medium	medium	moderate	RCT
Ansai et al.	2016	Brazil	sim	dual-task	PA	healthy	medium	medium	high	weak	cRCT
Desjardins-Crépeau et al.	2016	Canada	seq	n/a	control, PA, CA	healthy	medium	medium	high	moderate	RCT
Eggenberger et al.	2016	Switzerland	sim	exergame	control	healthy	short	short	high	weak	RCT
Falbo et al.	2016	Italy	sim	dual-task	PA	healthy	medium	medium	medium	strong	RCT
Hagovska et al.	2016	Slovac Republic	sim + seq	dual-task	PA	impaired	short	short	high	strong	RCT
Lu et al.	2016	Hong Kong	sim	tai chi	control	healthy	medium	long	high	moderate	RCT
Witte et al.	2016	Germany	sim	karate	control, PA	healthy	medium	medium	medium	moderate	RCT
Merom et al.	2016	Australia	sim	dance	PA	healthy	long	medium	medium	moderate	RCT
Schättin et al.	2016	Switzerland	sim	exergame	control	healthy	short	short	high	moderate	RCT
Müller et al.	2017	Germany	sim	dance	PA	healthy	long	long	medium	weak	RCT
Sungkarat et al.	2017	Thailand	sim	tai chi	control	impaired	medium	medium	high	strong	RCT
Damirchi et al.	2018	Iran	seq	n/a	control, PA, CA	impaired	short	medium	high	moderate	RCT
Siu et al.	2018	Hong Kong	sim	tai chi	control	impaired	medium	medium	medium	weak	cRCT

seq Sequential, sim Simultaneous, PA Only physical activity program, CA Only cognitive activity program, intervention length: short (< 12 weeks), medium (12–23 weeks), or long (≥ 24 weeks); session duration: short (≤ 45 min), medium (> 45 to ≤60 min) or long (> 60 min); session frequency: low (1 session/week), medium (2 sessions/week) or high (≥ 3 sessions/week). RCT Randomized controlled trial, non-RCT Non-randomized controlled trial, cRCT Cluster randomized controlled trial
^athe comparison with the PA group was removed from present meta-analysis because this program also included forms of cognitive training which was a priori defined as a potential bias in our protocol
^bthe CA and control group were removed from present meta-analysis because these programs also included strength training which was a priori defined as a potential bias in our protocol
^ceffect sizes were combined for both simultaneous programs following Higgings and Green, 2011 (cf. study protocol)
^dthe active (not passive) control group was included (cf. study protocol)
n/a = type of simultaneous combination could not be defined given the sequential design, or moderator variable could not be clearly defined and hence, was removed from moderator analysis

Back to article page

ISSN: 1479-5868

Contact us

Submission enquiries: Access here and click Contact Us
General enquiries: info@biomedcentral.com