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Table 3 Summary of themes identified in research against elements of conceptual model
From: Effective advocacy strategies for influencing government nutrition policy: a conceptual model
| Key themes from studies | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Components of model | Systematic literature RV | Network Analysis | In-depth interviews |
| Contextual factors | |||
| Neoliberal environment | ‘Understand the policymaking process’ ‘The rise of neoliberal ideology’ | ‘Understand the policymaking process’ ‘Power and influence of food industry’ ‘Appeal to beliefs’ ‘Abdication of responsibility’ ‘Evidence is only one factor’ | |
| Pressurised, risk-averse environment | ‘Understand the policymaking process’ ‘Pressure from industry’ | ‘Understand the policymaking process’ ‘Evidence is only one factor’ ‘Competing for attention of decision-makers’ ‘Lack of public will’ ‘Complex, multifaceted problem’ | |
| System of governance | ‘Understand the policymaking process’ ‘Government silos’ | ‘Understand the policymaking process’ ‘Be alert for policy window’ ‘Priority of other portfolios’ ‘Evidence is only one factor’ ‘Lack of public will’ | |
| Democratisation of knowledge | ‘Complex, multifaceted problem’ ‘Evidence is only one factor’ ‘Competing for attention of decision-makers’ ‘Appeal to beliefs’ | ||
| Enablers | |||
| Invest in relationships/gather intelligence | ‘Build relationships with key stakeholders’ ‘Understand the policymaking process’ ‘Be visible’ | ‘Invest in diverse & strategic relationships’ | ‘Invest in relationships’ ‘Understand the policymaking process’ ‘Be alert for policy window’ ‘Credibility’ ‘Trust’ |
| Develop clear, unified solution | ‘Develop a well thought-through solution’ | ‘Provide an attractive solution’ ‘Represent many voices’ | |
| Engage or develop skills of a policy entrepreneur | ‘Engage a policy entrepreneur or develop skills if advocates’ ‘Understand the policymaking process’ | ‘Have more than one policy broker/entrepreneur’ | ‘Credibility’ ‘Invest in relationships’ ‘Be alert for policy window’ ‘Play the long game’ ‘Issue/name top of mind’ |
| Engage policy champion | ‘Be visible’ ‘Understand the policymaking process’ | ‘Policy brokers/entrepreneur may not be as powerful as previously thought’ | ‘Power and status’ ‘Trust’ ‘Respect’ ‘Credibility’ ‘Appeal to beliefs’ |
| Reframe issues appealing to values and beliefs | ‘Use emotions and values’ | ‘Provide an attractive solution’ ‘Appeal to beliefs’ | |
| Amplify frame | ‘Be visible’ | ‘Invest in relationships’ ‘Able to create noise’ ‘Build/mobilise coalitions’ | |
| Increase public will | ‘Increase public will’ ‘Be visible’ | ‘Invest in relationships’ ‘Able to create noise’ ‘Build/mobilise coalitions’ | |
