Table 1 Basic characteristics of mothers and children from Studies 1 and 2
From: Validation of a measurement instrument for parental child feeding in a low and middle-income country
Demographic variables | Mean (SD) or n (%) | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Lampung | Yogyakarta | |||
1 | District areas | 0.01** | ||
- Rural and suburban | 72 (46.75%)a | 202 (84.87%) | ||
- Urban | 82 (53.25%) | 36 (15.13%) | ||
2 | Children’s age (months) | 0.05 | ||
22–36 months | 74 (48.05%) | 92 (38.66%) | ||
37–48 months | 50 (32.47%) | 75 (31.51%) | ||
49–60 month | 30 (19.48%) | 71 (29.83%) | ||
3 | Mothers’ age (years) | 0.88 | ||
16–25 | 25 (16.23%) | 45 (18.91%) | ||
26–35 | 80 (51.95%) | 125 (52.52%) | ||
36–45 | 47 (30.52%) | 65 (27.31%) | ||
46–55 | 2 (1.30%) | 3 (1.26%) | ||
> 55 | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||
4 | Mothers’ BMI (IOTF proposed cut-off for Asian adult population) | 0.24 | ||
< 18.5 | 17 (11.04%) | 14 (5.88%) | ||
18.5–22.9 | 55 (35.71%) | 89 (37.39%) | ||
≥ 23–24.9 | 23 (14.94%) | 50 (21.01%) | ||
25–29.9 | 43 (27.92%) | 65 (27.31%) | ||
≥ 30 | 16 (10.39%) | 20 (8.40%) | ||
6 | Children’s sex | 0.16 | ||
Boy | 63 (40.91%) | 127 (53.36%) | ||
Girl | 91 (59.09%) | 111 (46.64%) | ||
7 | Mothers’ ethnicity | 0.01** | ||
Java | 113 (73.38%) | 236 (99.16%) | ||
Non-Java | 41 (26.62%) | 2 (0.84%) | ||
8 | Mothers’ education | 0.01** | ||
≤ Elementary school | 55 (35.71%) | 20 (8.40%) | ||
Graduated from junior high school | 52 (33.71%) | 78 (32.77%) | ||
Graduated from senior high school | 45 (29.22%) | 117 (49.17%) | ||
Graduated from college/ university | 2 (1.30%) | 22 (9.24%) | ||
Others | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.42%) | ||
9 | Mothers’ occupation | 0.04** | ||
Housewife | 129 (83.77%) | 178 (74.79%) | ||
Others | 25 (16.23%) | 60 (25.21%) | ||
10 | Children’s nutritional status (Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia) | 0.01** | ||
< −3 SD | 12 (7.79%) | 2 (0.84%) | ||
- 3 SD to - 2 SD | 13 (8.44%) | 8 (3.36%) | ||
- 2 SD to 2 SD | 127 (82.47%) | 216 (90.76%) | ||
> 2 SD | 2 (1.30%) | 12 (5.04%) | ||
11 | Children’s nutritional status (IOTF) | 0.01** | ||
- Thinness 3 | 25 (16.23%) | 9 (3.78%) | ||
- Thinness 2 | 19 (12.34%) | 19 (7.98%) | ||
- Thinness 1 | 37 (24.03%) | 62 (26.05%) | ||
- Normal | 69 (44.81%) | 128 (53.78%) | ||
- Overweight | 2 (1.30%) | 11 (4.62%) | ||
- Obese | 2 (1.30%) | 5 (2.10%) | ||
- Morbid | 0 (0%) | 4 (1.68%) | ||