Incidence of childhood overweight and obesity and its association with weight-related attitudes and behaviors in China: a national longitudinal study

Table 5 Changes in BMI z-score and cumulative incidence of overweight/obesity among children by self-reported weight control practices

Self-reported weight control practice in past three months	Changes in BMI z-score^*				Cumulative incidence	RR (95% CI)
Self-reported weight control practice in past three months	mean ± SD	P	P ^b	P ^c	% (95% CI)	Model 1 ^b	Model 2 ^c
Weight-control practice ^a		< 0.001	0.015	< 0.001
Yes	0.09 ± 0.40				3.77 (3.40, 4.14)	2.14 (1.75, 2.63)	1.03 (0.83, 1.29)
No	0.11 ± 0.41				1.80 (1.49, 2.11)	1.00	1.00
Improving diet		0.002	0.317	< 0.001
Yes	0.09 ± 0.39				3.83 (3.40, 4.25)	1.68 (1.41, 2.01)	0.98 (0.81, 1.19)
No	0.10 ± 0.41				2.31 (2.01, 2.61)	1.00	1.00
Increasing physical activity		0.015	0.018	< 0.001
Yes	0.09 ± 0.39				3.76 (3.36, 4.16)	1.72 (1.44, 2.06)	1.00 (0.83, 1.22)
No	0.10 ± 0.41				2.22 (1.91, 2.53)	1.00	1.00
Dieting		< 0.001	0.240	0.028
Yes	0.06 ± 0.39				3.99 (2.91, 5.08)	1.39 (1.03, 1.87)	1.16 (0.84, 1.61)
No	0.10 ± 0.40				2.89 (2.63, 3.15)	1.00	1.00
Taking weight loss drugs		0.547	0.606	0.657
Yes	0.11 ± 0.40				2.77 (1.16, 4.39)	0.93 (0.51, 1.70)	0.95 (0.50, 1.82)
No	0.10 ± 0.40				2.98 (2.72, 3.23)	1.00	1.00

Numbers in bold indicate statistically significant differences or associations
^*BMI z-score was calculated based on the WHO standard; ^a Self-reported at least one of the four weight control practices; ^b Adjusted for age and sex; ^c Adjusted for age, sex and BMI z-score at baseline
Abbreviations: BMI body mass index, SD standard deviation, CI confidence interval, RR relative risk

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