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Table 3 Secular trends of physical activity according to intervention (n = 2793) and control (n = 3086) group stratified by sex, age, educational level, and body mass index1

From: Effectiveness of the physical activity intervention program in the PREDIMED-Plus study: a randomized controlled trial

  

Baseline

6 months

12 months

P2

P3

Total PA (METs min/day)

 Men

 - Intervention

Absolute values

263 (0.65)

397 (0.65)

409 (0.65)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 

Relative change

Ref.

1.03 (0.99 to 1.08)

1.56 (1.47 to 1.65)

  

 - Control

Absolute values

294 (0.73)

306 (0.73)

332 (0.73)

< 0.001

 
 

Relative change

Ref.

1.08 (1.03 to 1.14)

1.13 (1.07 to 1.19)

  

 Women

 - Intervention

Absolute values

195 (0.65)

284 (0.65)

310 (0.66)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 

Relative change

Ref.

1.09 (1.04 to 1.15)

1.60 (1.50 to 1.69)

  

 - Control

Absolute values

205 (0.70)

221 (0.71)

229 (0.71)

0.001

 
 

Relative change

Ref.

1.04 (0.98 to 1.10)

1.12 (1.05 to 1.19)

  

Light PA (METs min/day)

 Men

 - Intervention

Absolute values

105 (0.68)

124 (0.68)

129 (0.68)

< 0.001

0.147

 

Relative change

Ref.

1.04 (0.97 to 1.10)

1.23 (1.15 to 1.32)

  

 - Control

Absolute values

107 (0.70)

116 (0.71)

125 (0.71)

< 0.001

 
 

Relative change

Ref.

1.08 (1.02 to 1.15)

1.17 (1.09 to 1.25)

  

 Women

 - Intervention

Absolute values

98 (0.65)

116 (0.65)

124 (0.65)

< 0.001

0.226

 

Relative change

Ref.

1.07 (1.01 to 1.14)

1.27 (1.19 to 1.36)

  

 - Control

Absolute values

100 (0.66)

111 (0.66)

116 (0.66)

< 0.001

 
 

Relative change

Ref.

1.04 (0.98 to 1.11)

1.17 (1.09 to 1.25)

  

MVPA (METs min/day)

 Men

 - Intervention

Absolute values

150 (0.98)

264 (0.98)

273 (0.98)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 

Relative change

Ref.

1.03 (0.96 to 1.11)

1.82 (1.66 to 1.98)

  

 - Control

Absolute values

174 (1.08)

187 (1.08)

196 (1.08)

0.014

 
 

Relative change

Ref.

1.05 (0.97 to 1.14)

1.13 (1.03 to 1.23)

  

 Women

 - Intervention

Absolute values

103 (1.04)

177 (1.04)

190 (1.04)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 

Relative change

Ref.

1.07 (0.99 to 1.17)

1.84 (1.66 to 2.04)

  

 - Control

Absolute values

113 (1.12)

123 (1.13)

126 (1.12)

0.070

 
 

Relative change

Ref.

1.03 (0.94 to 1.12)

1.12 (1.01 to 1.24)

  

Total PA (METs min/day)

 Age, ≤ 65 years

 - Intervention

Absolute values

216 (0.66)

337 (0.66)

353 (0.66)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 

Relative change

Ref.

1.05 (1.00 to 1.10)

1.64 (1.54 to 1.74)

  

 - Control

Absolute values

241 (0.72)

261 (0.72)

284 (0.72)

< 0.001

 
 

Relative change

Ref.

1.09 (1.03 to 1.14)

1.18 (1.11 to 1.24)

  

 Age, >  65 years

 - Intervention

Absolute values

242 (0.64)

340 (0.64)

365 (0.64)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 

Relative change

Ref.

1.07 (1.03 to 1.12)

1.51 (1.42 to 1.60)

  
  

Baseline

6 months

12 months

P2

P3

 - Control

Absolute values

253 (0.72)

261 (0.72)

270 (0.72)

0.085

 
 

Relative change

Ref.

1.03 (0.98 to 1.09)

1.07 (1.00 to 1.13)

  

Light PA (METs min/day)

 Age, ≤ 65 years

 - Intervention

Absolute values

95 (0.69)

115 (0.69)

122 (0.70)

< 0.001

0.102

 

Relative change

Ref.

1.06 (1.00 to 1.13)

1.28 (1.20 to 1.37)

  

 - Control

Absolute values

100 (0.65)

112 (0.65)

116 (0.65)

< 0.001

 
 

Relative change

Ref.

1.03 (0.97 to 1.10)

1.16 (1.09 to 1.24)

  

 Age, >  65 years

 - Intervention

Absolute values

109 (0.66)

126 (0.66)

132 (0.66)

< 0.001

0.269

 

Relative change

Ref.

1.05 (0.98 to 1.12)

1.21 (1.14 to 1.30)

  

 - Control

Absolute values

107 (0.68)

115 (0.68)

126 (0.68)

< 0.001

 
 

Relative change

Ref.

1.10 (1.03 to 1.16)

1.18 (1.10 to 1.26)

  

MVPA (METs min/day)

 Age, ≤ 65 years

 - Intervention

Absolute values

123 (0.95)

222 (0.95)

229 (0.95)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 

Relative change

Ref.

1.03 (0.96 to 1.11)

1.87 (1.71 to 2.04)

  

 - Control

Absolute values

141 (1.06)

162 (1.06)

172 (1.06)

< 0.001

 
 

Relative change

Ref.

1.06 (0.98 to 1.15)

1.22 (1.11 to 1.33)

  

 Age, >  65 years

 - Intervention

Absolute values

131 (1.06)

216 (1.06)

232 (1.06)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 

Relative change

Ref.

1.07 (0.99 to 1.16)

1.78 (1.61 to 1.96)

  

 - Control

Absolute values

144 (1.17)

145 (1.18)

147 (1.17)

1.00

 
 

Relative change

Ref.

1.02 (0.93 to 1.11)

1.02 (0.93 to 1.13)

  

Total PA (METs min/day)

 BMI < 29.9 kg/m2

 - Intervention

Absolute values

278 (0.79)

386 (0.79)

405 (0.79)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 

Relative change

Ref.

1.05 (0.99 to 1.11)

1.46 (1.35 to 1.56)

  

 - Control

Absolute values

287 (0.88)

295 (0.88)

313 (0.88)

0.032

 
 

Relative change

Ref.

1.06 (1.00 to 1.13)

1.09 (1.02 to 1.17)

  

 BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2

 - Intervention

Absolute values

211 (0.57)

322 (0.57)

343 (0.57)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 

Relative change

Ref.

1.06 (1.03 to 1.11)

1.62 (1.54 to 1.71)

  

 - Control

Absolute values

233 (0.63)

250 (0.63)

265 (0.63)

< 0.001

 
 

Relative change

Ref.

1.06 (1.01 to 1.11)

1.14 (1.08 to 1.19)

  

Light PA (METs min/day)

 BMI < 29.9 kg/m2

 - Intervention

Absolute values

107 (0.87)

124 (0.88)

127 (0.87)

< 0.001

0.527

 

Relative change

Ref.

1.03 (0.94 to 1.12)

1.19 (1.08 to 1.30)

  

 - Control

Absolute values

104 (0.94)

111 (0.94)

120 (0.94)

0.004

 
 

Relative change

Ref.

1.08 (1.00 to 1.17)

1.16 (1.05 to 1.27)

  

 BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2

 - Intervention

Absolute values

99 (0.56)

119 (0.56)

126 (0.56)

< 0.001

0.073

 

Relative change

Ref.

1.07 (1.01 to 1.12)

1.27 (1.20 to 1.35)

  

 - Control

Absolute values

103 (0.59)

114 (0.59)

121 (0.59)

< 0.001

 
 

Relative change

Ref.

1.06 (1.01 to 1.12)

1.17 (1.11 to 1.24)

  

MVPA (METs min/day)

 BMI < 29.9 kg/m2

 - Intervention

Absolute values

160 (1.18)

251 (1.18)

274 (1.18)

< 0.001

0.001

 

Relative change

Ref.

1.09 (0.99 to 1.20)

1.72 (1.53 to 1.93)

  

 - Control

Absolute values

171 (1.41)

189 (1.41)

205 (1.41)

0.003

 
 

Relative change

Ref.

1.08 (0.98 to 1.20)

1.20 (1.07 to 1.34)

  

 BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2

 - Intervention

Absolute values

115 (0.89)

208 (0.89)

215 (0.89)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 

Relative change

Ref.

1.04 (0.97 to 1.11)

1.87 (1.73 to 2.03)

  

 - Control

Absolute values

133 (0.97)

142 (0.97)

145 (0.97)

0.065

 
 

Relative change

Ref.

1.02 (0.95 to 1.10)

1.09 (1.01 to 1.19)

  

Total PA (METs min/day)

 Primary education or less

 - Intervention

Absolute values

230 (0.67)

333 (0.67)

361 (0.67)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 

Relative change

Ref.

1.09 (1.04 to 1.14)

1.57 (1.48 to 1.67)

  

 - Control

Absolute values

242 (0.74)

260 (0.74)

273 (0.74)

< 0.001

 
 

Relative change

Ref.

1.05 (1.00 to 1.11)

1.13 (1.06 to 1.20)

  

 More than primary education

 - Intervention

Absolute values

226 (0.64)

343 (0.64)

356 (0.64)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 

Relative change

Ref.

1.04 (0.99 to 1.09)

1.58 (1.49 to 1.67)

  

 - Control

Absolute values

252 (0.71)

263 (0.71)

282 (0.71)

< 0.001

 
 

Relative change

Ref.

1.07 (1.02 to 1.13)

1.12 (1.06 to 1.18)

  

Light PA (METs min/day)

 Primary education or less

 - Intervention

Absolute values

105 (0.70)

124 (0.70)

129 (0.70)

< 0.001

0.170

 

Relative change

Ref.

1.04 (0.97 to 1.11)

1.23 (1.14 to 1.32)

  

 - Control

Absolute values

107 (0.67)

115 (0.67)

123 (0.67)

< 0.001

 
 

Relative change

Ref.

1.06 (1.00 to 1.13)

1.15 (1.07 to 1.23)

  

 More than primary education

 - Intervention

Absolute values

98 (0.64)

116 (0.64)

125 (0.64)

< 0.001

0.355

 

Relative change

Ref.

1.07 (1.01 to 1.14)

1.27 (1.19 to 1.36)

  

 - Control

Absolute values

99 (0.71)

112 (0.71)

119 (0.71)

< 0.001

 
 

Relative change

Ref.

1.06 (1.00 to 1.13)

1.19 (1.11 to 1.28)

  

MVPA (METs min/day)

 Primary education or less

 - Intervention

Absolute values

128 (1.03)

208 (1.03)

220 (1.03)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 

Relative change

Ref.

1.06 (0.98 to 1.15)

1.73 (1.56 to 1.91)

  

 - Control

Absolute values

132 (1.17)

144 (1.17)

152 (1.17)

0.008

 
 

Relative change

Ref.

1.05 (0.97 to 1.15)

1.16 (1.05 to 1.27)

  

 More than primary education

 - Intervention

Absolute values

125 (0.99)

230 (0.99)

240 (0.99)

< 0.001

< 0.001

 

Relative change

Ref.

1.04 (0.97 to 1.12)

1.92 (1.75 to 2.10)

  

 - Control

Absolute values

154 (1.05)

164 (1.05)

168 (1.05)

0.128

 
 

Relative change

Ref.

1.02 (0.94 to 1.11)

1.09 (1.00 to 1.19)

  
  1. 1General estimating equation models adjusted for sex, age, education, smoking, adherence to an energy-restricted Mediterranean diet, and baseline BMI were used to analyze the effect of the intervention on secular trends of leisure-time physical activity in comparison with the control group. Leisure-time physical activity data were log-transformed for analysis. Absolute values are presented in mean and standard error (SE) and relative change in exponential beta coefficient (95% confidence interval)
  2. BMI body mass index, MET metabolic equivalent of task, MDS Mediterranean diet score, MVPA moderate to vigorous physical activity, PA physical activity
  3. 2p for linear trend within groups
  4. 3p between-group comparison (group*time interaction)
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International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

ISSN: 1479-5868

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