Targeted retail coupons influence category-level food purchases over 2-years

Guan, Xintong; Atlas, Stephen A.; Vadiveloo, Maya

doi:10.1186/s12966-018-0744-7

International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity

Table 1 Effect of Targeted Coupons on Purchase Rate for All Foods and Each Food Category

From: Targeted retail coupons influence category-level food purchases over 2-years

Food category^b	Without coupon exposure		With coupon exposure		Difference In Difference Increase	Significance^a
	Pre	Post	Pre	Post		Pre	Post	Unexposed	Exposed	Difference In Difference
	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)	Mean (SD)
All Foods
	3.08 (3.63)	3.75 (4.59)	11.61 (9.57)	17.34 (13.08)	5.06	^***	^***	^***	^***	^***
Less Healthful foods
Convenience Foods	0.71 (0.93)	0.86 (1.11)	2.67 (2.50)	3.99 (3.42)	1.17	^***	^***	^***	^***	^***
Other added sugar	0.30 (0.46)	0.38 (0.54)	1.12 (1.24)	1.69 (1.64)	0.49	^***	^***	^***	^***	^***
SSB	0.36 (0.55)	0.40 (0.59)	1.31 (1.56)	1.81 (2.00)	0.46	^***	^***	^***	^***	^***
Refined grains	0.28 (0.52)	0.34 (0.53)	1.01 (1.07)	1.52 (1.38)	0.45	^***	^***	^***	^***	^***
Dairy excluding milk	0.22 (0.36)	0.29 (0.51)	0.88 (1.11)	1.37 (1.43)	0.42	^***	^***	^***	^***	^***
Added fat	0.04 (0.07)	0.05 (0.08)	0.13 (0.16)	0.22 (0.22)	0.08	^***	^***	^***	^***	^***
More Healthful Foods
Vegetables	0.33 (0.49)	0.42 (0.60)	1.37 (1.42)	2.08 (1.99)	0.62	^***	^***	^***	^***	^***
Meat poultry and fish	0.42 (0.56)	0.49 (0.65)	1.53 (1.42)	2.20 (1.82)	0.60	^***	^***	^***	^***	^***
Fruit	0.20 (0.31)	0.25 (0.40)	0.82 (0.96)	1.23 (1.35)	0.36	^***	^***	^***	^***	^***
Non-SSB	0.17 (0.29)	0.21 (0.42)	0.61 (0.63)	0.95 (0.92)	0.30	^***	^***	^***	^***	^***
Whole grains	0.03 (0.02)	0.04 (0.03)	0.10 (0.04)	0.17 (0.01)	0.06	^***	^***	^***	^***	^***
Nuts	0.02 (0.06)	0.03 (0.10)	0.08 (0.15)	0.12 (0.22)	0.03	^***	^***	^***	^***	^***

Difference in difference analysis. The reference group is households not exposed to coupons. Standard errors were clustered
SD Standard Deviation
^*P < 0.05; ^**p < 0.01; ^***p < 0.001
^aTest of significance between unexposed group v. exposed group in the pre- and post-campaign periods at each food category
^b Food categories are grouped from 52 USDA’S Quarterly Food categories including Fresh/frozen fruits; Canned fruits; Fresh/Frozen dark green vegetables; Fruit juice; Canned dark green vegetables; Fresh/Frozen orange vegetables; Canned orange vegetables; Fresh/Frozen starchy vegetables; Canned starchy vegetables; Fresh/Frozen select nutrient vegetables; Canned select nutrients vegetables; Fresh/Frozen other vegetables; Canned other vegetables; Frozen/Dried Legumes; Canned Legumes; Whole grain bread, rolls, rice, pasta, cereal; Whole grain flour and mixes; Whole grain frozen/ready to cook; Other bread, rolls, rice, pasta, cereal, other flour and mixes; Other frozen/ready to cook grains; Low fat milk; Low fat cheese; Low fat yogurt & other dairy; Regular fat milk; Regular fat cheese; Regular fat yogurt & other dairy; Fresh/frozen low fat meat; Fresh/frozen regular fat meat; Canned meat; Fresh/frozen poultry; Canned poultry; Fresh/frozen fish; Canned fish; Raw nuts and seeds; Processed nuts, seeds and nut butters; Eggs, oils, solid fats, raw sugars; Non-alcoholic non-diet carbonated beverages; Non-carbonated caloric beverages; Water; Ice cream and frozen desserts; Baked good mixes; Packaged sweets/baked goods; Bakery items, ready to eat; Frozen entrees and sides; Canned soups, sauces, prepared foods; Packaged snacks; Ready to cook meals and sides; Ready to eat deli items (hot and cold); Non-alcoholic diet carbonated beverages; Unsweetened coffee and tea; Alcohol

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ISSN: 1479-5868

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