Table 3 Associations of environmental, social and psychological factors with mode of transportation choice to/from school in Hong Kong adolescents (multi-factor models)

Factors

OR (95% CI; p-value)

OR (95% CI; p-value)

OR (95% CI; p-value)

  Proximity of school to home

2.33 (1.74–3.18; < 0.001)

2.32 (1.73–3.18; < 0.001)

  Proximity of PA recreational facilities to home

0.62 (0.39–0.97; 0.038)

0.64 (0.40–1.00; 0.053)

  Access to services

1.63 (1.02–2.61; 0.039)

1.70 (1.06–2.73; 0.028)

 Social

  Social support for PA from household adults

0.68 (0.48–0.97; 0.035)

 Environmental

  Proximity of school to home

5.67 (4.00–8.36; < 0.001)

  Proximity of PA recreational facilities to home

0.45 (0.28–0.72; 0.001)

  Proximity of school to home

2.82 (2.44–3.28; < 0.001)

2.78 (2.40–3.24; < 0.001)

  Proximity of closest transit stop to home

0.72 (0.61–0.84; < 0.001)

0.71 (0.61–0.84; < 0.001)

  Barriers to walking in the neighbourhood

0.75 (0.59–0.95; 0.017)

0.76 (0.60–0.96; 0.022)

  Social support for PA from peers

1.23 (1.03–1.46; 0.020)

  Social support for PA from household adults

0.81 (0.65–0.99; 0.043)

  Proximity of school to home

0.58 (0.42–0.77; < 0.001)

0.57 (0.41–0.76; < 0.001)

  Proximity of closest transit stop to home

0.77 (0.61–0.99; 0.039)

0.78 (0.61–1.00; 0.052)

  Proximity of PA recreational facilities to home

1.71 (1.16–2.55; 0.007)

1.66 (1.12–2.47; 0.012)

  Parental transport-related PA

1.05 (1.00–1.10; 0.038)

 Environmental

  Access to services

2.30 (1.48–3.61; < 0.001)

2.37 (1.52–3.73; < 0.001)

2.38 (1.52–3.79; < 0.001)

  School type (private vs public (reference))

0.03 (0.01–0.11;< 0.001)

0.02 (0.00–0.09;< 0.001)

0.01 (0.00–0.06;< 0.001)

  Parental transport-related PA

0.92 (0.88–0.97; < 0.001)

0.92 (0.88–0.97; 0.002)

 Psychological

  Enjoyment of PA

2.71 (1.23–6.07; 0.014)

 Environmental

  Safety from crime

0.56 (0.31–0.99; 0.047)

  School type (private vs public (reference))

0.14 (0.03–0.57; 0.008)

  Proximity of school to home

1.43 (1.11–1.90; 0.009)

1.45 (1.11–1.94; 0.008)

1.47 (1.12–1.98; 0.007)

  Residential density

1.002 (1.00–1.003; 0.003)

1.002 (1.00–1.003; 0.002)

1.002 (1.00–1.003; 0.001)

  Safety from crime

0.53 (0.34–0.84; 0.007)

0.56 (0.35–0.89; 0.015)

0.52 (0.32–0.83; 0.007)

  Aesthetics

0.63 (0.41–0.97; 0.037)

0.66 (0.42–1.02; 0.066)

0.60 (0.38–0.95; 0.030)

  Access to services

1.56 (1.06–2.31; 0.025)

1.61 (1.08–2.39; 0.018)

1.55 (1.03–2.31; 0.033)

  School type (private vs public (reference))

0.06 (0.01–0.18; < 0.001)

0.06 (0.01–0.18; < 0.001)

0.05 (0.01–0.15; < 0.001)

  Social support for PA from peers

0.66 (0.50–0.88; 0.004)

0.62 (0.46–0.82; 0.001)

  Attitude towards PA

2.47 (1.27–4.88; 0.008)

  Aesthetics

0.44 (0.24–0.79; 0.007)

0.41 (0.22–0.74; 0.005)

  Parental transport-related PA

1.08 (1.02–1.17; 0.024)

  Access to services

0.56 (0.39–0.82; 0.003)

0.56 (0.38–0.81; 0.002)

0.56 (0.38–0.82; 0.003)

  School type (private vs public (reference))

4.29 (1.79–10.12;< 0.001)

4.68 (1.95–11.14; < 0.001)

5.10 (2.08–12.42; < 0.001)

  Parental transport-related PA

1.08 (1.03–1.12; 0.002)

1.07 (1.02–1.12; 0.003)

 Psychological

  Enjoyment of PA

0.75 (0.58–0.96; 0.023)

  Proximity of school to home

0.67 (0.46–0.97; 0.035)

0.68 (0.46–0.99; 0.049)

  Safety from crime

2.92 (1.44–6.27; 0.004)

2.86 (1.38–6.27; 0.006)

  School type (private vs public (reference))

2.97 (1.07–8.87; 0.042)

3.29 (1.16–10.12; 0.030)

  Social support for PA from peers

1.62 (1.06–2.55; 0.031)