Joint physical-activity/screen-time trajectories during early childhood: socio-demographic predictors and consequences on health-related quality-of-life and socio-emotional outcomes

Table 3 Associations between joint physical-activity/screen-time trajectories and health-related quality-of-life outcomes (PedsQL)

	PedsQL - total score				PedsQL- physical health				PedsQL- social health				PedsQL- emotional health
	β	95% CI	ES	p	β	95% CI	ES	p	β	95% CI	ES	p	β	95% CI	ES	p
B-cohort (0–5 years)
Joint trajectories (Reference: Increasing activity-low screen)
Low activity-low screen	−0.96	−1.92 – − 0.01	− 0.10	.047	−1.60	−2.63 – − 0.56	− 0.15	.002	− 0.67	−2.08 – 0.73	− 0.05	.349	− 0.61	−1.97 – 0.76	− 0.04	.385
Low activity-increasing screen	−1.44	−2.54 – − 0.34	− 0.15	.010	−2.00	−3.20 – − 0.81	− 0.19	.001	− 0.60	− 2.22 – 1.03	− 0.04	.473	−1.22	− 2.80 – 0.36	−0.09	.131
Cases	2215				2216				2207				2214
R² / adjusted R²	.060 / .056				.041/ .056				.039 / .034				.067/ .063
K K-cohort (4–9 years)
Joint trajectories (Reference: Increasing activity-low screen)
Low activity-low screen	−1.40	−2.55 – −0.25	−0.12	.017	−1.50	−2.84 – − 0.15	−0.11	.029	− 1.95	−3.64 – − 0.25	−0.12	.024	−0.84	−2.39 – 0.71	− 0.05	.288
Low activity-increasing screen	−2.29	−3.61 – −0.97	− 0.20	.001	− 3.19^a	−4.73 – − 1.66	−0.24	.001	−2.19	−4.13 – − 0.25	−0.13	.027	−0.58	−2.35 – 1.20	− 0.04	.523
Cases	2062				2062				2062				2062
R² / adjusted R²	0.101 / 0.096				0.061 / 0.055				0.065 / 0.060				0.087 / 0.083

LSAC data, Waves 1–3. PedsQL Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory. Unstandardized coefficients from ordinary least square regression models. All models control for child’s gender (male/female), age (in months), Indigenous background (yes/no), birth weight at or below 2.5 kg. (yes/no), and area-level socio-economic background (measured by the Socio-Economic Index for Areas), main caregiver’s mental health (measured by the Kessler 6 scale), main language spoken at home (English/other), weekly parental income (adjusted to 2008 prices using the Consumer Price Index), and whether the study child had siblings (yes/no) and two biological parents (yes/no) in the household. ^a indicates statistically significantly different from coefficient on low activity-low screen (p < 0.05) in a Wald test. ES Effect size, calculated as β × (SD_x/SD_y)
Bold data is statistically significant

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