Effectiveness of interventions using self-monitoring to reduce sedentary behavior in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 4 Moderation analyses for total sedentary behavior

Moderator	Number of studies	Combined sample size	Hedges’ g	95% CI	Q	P
Intervention length					1,93	0,17
Short (≤ 12 weeks) [36, 38, 41,42,43, 47, 48, 50, 52, 55]	11	1653	0,23	0,04 – 0,41
Long (> 12 weeks) [39, 40, 44,45,46]	5	440	0,49	0,17 – 0,81
Main purpose of self-monitoring tool					1,95	0,16
To measure physical activity [37, 39, 41, 44, 46,47,48, 50, 55]	9	549	0,43	0,22 – 0,65
To measure sedentary behavior [36, 38, 40, 42, 43, 45, 52]	7	1524	0,19	-0,07 – 0,45
Way of self-monitoring					5,67	0,02
Subjective self-monitoring [43, 52, 55]	3	209	-0,02	-0,29 – 0,26
Objective self-monitoring [36,37,38,39,40,41,42, 44,45,46,47,48, 50]	13	1864	0,40	0,19– 0,60
Age group					0,17	0,68
Adults (mean age: 18–60 years) [36, 38, 40,41,42,43, 45,46,47, 50, 55]	11	1752	0,34	0,11 – 0,57
Older adults (mean age > 60 years) [37, 39, 44, 48, 52]	5	321	0,27	0,02 – 0,52
Health status					0,03	0,86
Healthy participants [38, 39, 42, 43, 45, 47, 48, 50, 52]	9	708	0,33	0,03 – 0,63
Participants with overweight/obesity or another clinical condition [36, 40, 41, 44, 55]	7	1365	0,30	0,08 – 0,52
Focus of the intervention					2,88	0,09
Only sedentary behavior	9	671	0,45	0,15 – 0,75
Sedentary behavior and physical activity^a	7	1402	0,16	0,001 – 0,31

Hedges’ g (random effects); CI confidence interval, Q homogeneity statistic (mixed effects), ^aOne study focused on sedentary behavior, physical activity and dietary behavior

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