Table 1 Characteristics of the studies included in the systematic review, N = 63
From: Factors associated with water consumption among children: a systematic review
Characteristics | N of studies (%) |
|---|---|
Place study | |
 Europe | 29 (46) |
 North America | 22 (35) |
 South America | 5 (8) |
 Australia | 3 (5) |
 Asia | 3 (5) |
 Europe, South America, Asia | 1 (2) |
Year published | |
  ≥ 2010 | 49 (78) |
 2000–2009 | 12 (19) |
  < 2000 | 2 (3) |
Design | |
 Cross-sectional | 57 (90) |
 Repeated cross-sectional | 3 (5) |
 Longitudinal | 3 (5) |
Number of participants | |
  < 100 | 2 (3) |
 100–299 | 14 (22) |
 300–999 | 17 (27) |
  ≥ 1000 | 30 (48) |
Age children | |
 Preschool age (±2–5 years) | 16 (25) |
 School age (±6–12 years) | 25 (40) |
 Both age groups | 22 (35) |
Measure instrument water consumption | |
 1 day 24-h recall | 20 (32) |
 Multi day 24-h recall | 6 (10) |
 Food Frequency Questionnaire | 18 (29) |
 Prospective dietary records | 16 (25) |
 Observation researcher | 3 (5) |
Outcome water consumption | |
 Water consumption in volume/day | 30 (48) |
 Water consumption in servings/day | 21 (33) |
 Any water consumption (yes/no) | 10 (16) |
 Water consumption in ml/kg body weight/day | 2 (3) |